CHAPTER 2: Medical and Psychological Theories, Frames of Reference, and Models of Mental Health and Mental Illness

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on medical and psychological theories related to mental health.

Theories

Help explain how mental health problems develop, provide ideas for client interventions, and assist in analyzing clinical observations.

Frames of reference

Encompass a particular professional domain area and have mechanisms for change from dysfunction to function.

Models

Synthesize theoretical and philosophical information and organize professional thinking about client performance.

Psychoanalytical theory

Based on Freud's work, it posits that mental disorders are influenced by our relationships with objects in our environment, starting in early childhood.

Object Relations

Theory that focuses on lifelong patterns of object relations and innate drives to satisfy personal needs.

Id

The part of the mind driven only to satisfy one’s own needs.

Superego

The part of the mind that focuses on societal competence and follows rules to please others.

Ego

The balancing force between the id and superego that controls anxiety and tests reality.

Defense mechanisms

Psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image.

Developmental Theory

Suggests that people mature through fixed sequences of stages, where growth interruptions result in developmental lags.

Psychosocial

A term from Erikson in occupational therapy that refers to the psyche or self and society or participation with others.

Behavioral Theories

Focus on changing behavior through consequences and reinforce learning through positive or negative reinforcement.

Reinforcement

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Links precipitating events to a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to facilitate change.

Client-Centered Humanistic Therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes unconditional positive regard and allows clients to direct their own growth.

Neuroscience Theories

Explain mental health through biochemical and electrical activity in the brain, requiring knowledge of anatomy and physiology.

Psychiatric and Psychosocial Rehabilitation

A rehabilitation approach focused on community integration, self-direction, and skills development.

Cultural Concepts of Distress

Different cultures may attribute emotional distress to various factors, including spiritual possession, sorcery, or body-related beliefs.