Cognitive Approach Key Terms

Model of Memory

Theoretical frameworks explaining how memory works, including the Multi-Store Model and the Working Memory Model.

Schema Theory

The idea that mental structures (schemas) help organize knowledge and guide cognitive processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Theory of Thinking and Decision-Making

Describes how humans make decisions using dual-process models: System 1 (Intuitive Thinking) and System 2 (Rational Thinking).

Working Memory Model

Proposes that short-term memory consists of multiple components: Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, and Episodic Buffer.

Multi-Store Model

A theory of memory proposing three stages: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory.

Rational Thinking

Logical, deliberate, effortful thinking, often referred to as System 2.

Intuitive Thinking

Quick, automatic, unconscious decision-making, often referred to as System 1.

Reconstructive Memory

The theory that memories are reconstructed using prior knowledge and can lead to distortions or false memories.