1st lecture Waste water

Waste water engineering

Branch of envi engineering in which the principles of science and engineering are applied to the problems of water pollution control and issue associated with the treatment and reuse of wadte water

pollution

Introduction of substance to environment leading to lost beneficial use of a resource or degredation of the health of human, wildlife and ecosystems

polluted

When it is unfit for its intended use water is considered

water pollution

It occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to addition of large amounts of materials to the water

Water Quality Management

Concern with the control of pollution from human activity

Water usage and classification

For the ourpose of maintaining the quality of philippine waters in a safe ang satisfactory condition

point source

identifiable source of pollution emitted directly into the body of water

Federal Water Pollution Act

FWPA

Non point source

Diffuse source, cahracterized by multiple discharge points

Sec 402 of clean water act

NPDE permits based on technology and water quality

sewage

Community spent water

sewage

Often refer to wastewater

Influent

Raw water coming into a treatment plant

effluent

The treated water discharge from a wastewater treatment plant

Domestic wastewater

Sanitary sewage consists of domestic wadte and a small amt of industrial water

Industrial wastewater

wastewater in which industrial waste predominate

Storm sewage

flow derived from rainfall events and deliberately introduced into sewers intended for conveyance.

Combined wastewater

Combination of sanitary waste water and storm water runoff

inflow

Water discharge into sewer pipes from sources

Infiltration

Groundwater entering sewers through defective joints

direct flow

Direct storm water runoff

Total inflow

the sum of the direct inflow at any point in the system plus any flow discharged from the system upstream through overflows and pumping station bypasses.

Delayed Inflow

Stormwater that may require several days to drain

Gray water

Consumed water in the kitchen bathroom and laundry

Blackwater

Water that contains feces and urine.

yellow water

Urine separate from toilet and urinal

Brown water

Black water without yellow water

Stale sewage

Pronounce odor

300-500 mg/L

Domestic BOD range

300 mg/L

Domestic TSS

500-1000 mg/L

Domestic COD

30-50

Composition of Carbohydrates

40-60

Composition of protein

10%

Composition of fats and oil

Precision

Analytic technique when it is repeated on homogenous sample

Accuracy

Correspondence between the measured value and the actual value

Arithmetic method

The rate of growth is always constant

geometric method

The rate of growth follows a geometric of logarithmic relationship

9 mg/L

Maximum amount in clean water is about

quickly

A stream with good mixing ng will replenish DO ____

Slowly

A slow sluggish stream or a lake will replenish DO ____

Fixed solids

The residue left in the vessel after a sample is ignited (550°C)

Volatile solids

The weight loss after a sample is ignited (550°C)

Total suspended solids

Solids in water that can be trapped or retained in a standards glass fiber filter. The filters are dried

70 , 30

TSS ___ organic and ____ in organic

Settleable solids

settle to the bottom

Colloidal Solids

Negatively charge. Not truly dissolved yet do not settle readly

Total dissolved solids

Pass through also called filterable solids

90 , 10

TDS is ____% in true solution and ____% colloidal

Volatile suspended solids

Solids lost on ignition (550°C)

Volatile solid analysis

Is applied most commonly to waste water sludges to measure their biological stability

Calcium Carbonate

Major componenet of inorganic salts is stable up to a 825°C

odors

Caused by gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter

Amines

fishy

Ammonia

Ammoniacal

Diamines

Decayed fish

Hydrogen sulfide

Rotten eggs

Mercaptans

Decayed cabbage, skunk

Organic sulfide

Rotten cabbage

Skatole

Fecal matter

character

Sensing the odor

Detectability

Detectable

hedonics

Pleasant or inpleasantness

Intensity

Consentration of the odor

Higher

Temperature of waste water is commonly _________ than water supply

Gray

Color of fresh wastewater

black

Color of septic/stale

Apparent color

Suspended solids

True color

Dissolved solids

Colorimetric (visual comparison method)

Color is measured by

Potassium chloroplatinate

Standard color solution

Nessler tube

Comparison tubes

Turbidity

Measure of the light transmitting properties of water

Tyndall effect

Light transmitting

Organic matter

These solids are derived from both the animal an dplant kingdoms and the activities of a man as related to the synthesis of organic compounds

Protien

Contituents of the animal organism, subject to many forms of decomposition

Carbohydrates

Includes sugar, starches, cellulose and wood fiber

Surfactants

Cause faoming in waste water treatment plant

Alkyl benzene sulfonate

Resistant to biological decomposition

Linear alkyl sulfonate

Replaced ABS since it is biodegradable

Methylene blue active substance

Surfactant are determine by measuremnt the color change in a standard solution of_________

Phenol

Cause taste problems in drinking water

Ultimate BOD

Oxygen required to decompose all of the organic material after infite time

90-99

20 days period oxidation is ____%

60-70

5 days period oxidation is ____%

Potassium dichromate

Is used as a strong oxidizing agent

greater

COD of waste in general will be ___ that the BOD5

3

COD test can be conducted in about ______ hrs

Biodegradability index

BOD5/COD is called

stoichiometeic

Based on _________ arrangement of organic matter in wastewater, which is generally a combination of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Total organic carbon

Applicable to small concentration

Infrared analyzer

TOC measured by

Total Kjeldhal nitrogen

Nitrogen measurement

Hydrolyzed

Chemical reaction happened water reacts to a compound to produce other compound

Colorimetric

Phosphorous measurement

Trophy

Rate at which organic matter is supplied to lakes

Bacteria

Single celled microorg rpoduce binary fission, the most important miscroorganism in biological treatment of wastewater

Autotrophic

Carbon source is inorganic CO2

Heterotrophic

Carbon source are organic matter

Protozoa

Motile microorg microscopic protists