Topic 10 World

Humanism

an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics

Vernacular

 the everyday language of ordinary people

Machiavelli

famous for creating guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power. Rulers should be feared instead of loved.

Erasmus

believed all people should study the Bible to improve society. translated the Bible to the vernacular.

Sir Thomas More

believed that no money = no problems. no private land ownership. author of “Utopia”

Johannes Gutenberg 

created the printing press. could print 1 book a day.

Indulgence

In the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during during a person's lifetime

Martin Luther

Did not accept indulgences. All people with faith were equal. All Church teachings should be based off the Bible. created 95 thesis

John Calvin

Preached that God chooses who is saved, which is called predestination. believed good Works were necessary for salvation. Believed in a theocracy or a government run by religious leaders

Sect/Faction

a subgroup of a major religious group

King Henry VIII

Second Tudor King of England. His desire for a male heir was the catalyst for his eventual break from the Roman Catholic Church and the formation of the Church of England

Council of Trent

bans sale of indulgences

Ignatius of Loyola

embraced Renaissance ideals like education and created excellent schools

Inquisitor

the Catholic Church went to great lengths to stop the spread of new religions.

Nicolaus Copernicus

 Astronomer who concluded the sun was in the center

Galileo

Constructed the first telescope .Arrested by the church for heresy 

Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes

created the scientific method