Chapter 3 - Structure & Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

These flashcards cover the key concepts, definitions, and properties related to ionic and covalent compounds, as outlined in Chapter 3.

Ionic Bonding

Involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, typically between metals and nonmetals.

Covalent Bonding

Involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, usually between nonmetals.

Lewis Symbols

Diagrams that represent the valence electrons of atoms, used to illustrate bonding.

Single Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms.

Double Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Triple Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Octet Rule

The principle that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Resonance

A phenomenon where two or more valid Lewis structures can represent a molecule or ion.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed from cations and anions, named using the criss-cross rule and -ide endings.

Criss-Cross Rule

A method for writing chemical formulas for ionic compounds where the charge of one ion becomes the subscript of another.

Roman Numerals in Naming

Used to indicate the charge of transition metals in ionic compounds.

Prefix Naming

A method for naming covalent compounds using prefixes such as mono-, di-, tri-, etc., to indicate the number of atoms.

VSEPR Theory

A model used to predict the shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.

Molecular Geometry - Linear

A molecular shape where atoms are arranged in a straight line.

Molecular Geometry - Trigonal Planar

A molecular shape where three atoms are bonded to a central atom in a plane.

Molecular Geometry - Tetrahedral

A molecular shape where four atoms are bonded to a central atom, forming a three-dimensional structure.

Molecular Geometry - Trigonal Pyramidal

A molecular shape where three atoms are bonded to a central atom, with one lone pair of electrons.

Molecular Geometry - Bent

A molecular shape where two atoms are bonded to a central atom with one or two lone pairs of electrons.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Typically have high melting points, can conduct electricity when dissolved, and are usually soluble in water.

Properties of Covalent Compounds

Typically have lower melting points, do not conduct electricity, and may be soluble in nonpolar solvents.