21st Century Literature

Literature

Written artistic words, especially those with a high-lasting artistic value.

Artwork

Any artwork that uses language.

Medium

A tool used to create artwork, such as words used in expressing human experience, feelings, emotion, and thoughts.

Total experience

A reflection of social, political, economic, and cultural realities shaped into beauty and attractiveness.

Novel

A piece of writing that is valued as a work of art.

Literary genres

Major categories or types of creative and imaginative writing.

Self-realization

Part and parcel of man's self-realization and a symbol of man's success and failure.

21st Century Literature

All literary work written and published in the 21st century.

Critical thinking skills

Skills developed through studying literature that help in analyzing and evaluating information.

Diversity

21st century literature is written by a wide range of authors from different backgrounds and cultures.

Engagement with Technology

21st century literature is often influenced by technology.

Innovation

21st-century literature is not afraid to experiment with new forms of expression.

Pre-Colonial

Refers to the period before the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.

Oral tradition

Literary works transmitted through spoken word.

Writing system

A system used to pen down some works of literature.

Mythological Age

Period when stories about the creation of human beings and the world were told.

Epics

Long narrative poems that describe the adventures of a hero, warrior, god, or king.

Folktales

Traditional stories that have been modified through successive retellings.

Baybayin

Writing system derived from a Javanese script used by early Filipinos.

Myth

Stories that make use of gods, goddesses, and other fantastical creatures as characters.

Legends

Stories that are believed to be historical but can't be verified as true.

Folk Songs

Repetitive, sonorous songs that may be about love, courtship, or daily life.

Proverbs (Salawikain)

Short sayings enveloped in rhymed verse that offer words of wisdom.

Riddles (Bugtong)

Perplexing questions meant to be guessed or solved for entertainment.

Spanish Colonization

Refers to the period when the Philippines was colonized by Spain.

Prose Narratives

Written to prescribe proper decorum.

Propaganda Movement

A movement aimed at reforming the Spanish administration in the Philippines.

Diariong Tagalog

First bilingual newspaper in the Philippines, founded by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.

Noli Me Tangere

A political novel written by Dr. Jose Rizal to describe perceived inequities.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

A Filipino journalist, orator, and reformist.

Marcelo Del Pilar

A Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason.

Dr

A Filipino writer, national hero, and advocate for reform.

Noli Me Tangere

A political novel written by Jose Rizal that paved the way for revolution in the Philippines.

El Filibusterismo

Another political novel written by Jose Rizal that also contributed to the revolution in the Philippines.

Revolutionary Period

A period in Philippine literature characterized by propagandist works that demanded complete independence for the country.

Andres Bonifacio

A Filipino nationalist and revolutionary leader who organized the Katipunan and fought for independence.

Apolinario Mabini

A Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines.

Dr

The national hero of the Philippines, known for his writings and activism during the Spanish colonial period.

American Colonization

The period when the Philippines was colonized by the United States.

Japanese Colonization

The period when the Philippines was occupied by Japan during World War II.

Contemporary Literature

Literature that reflects the social and political views of the authors and often incorporates magical realism as a narrative technique.

Martial Law Era

A period in Philippine history characterized by the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos.

Protest Literature

Works that express distaste, disagreement, or transgression to the government and the current political, social, and economic conditions.

Postwar Era

The period after World War II when Philippine literature was influenced by formalist New Critics and characterized by romanticism, nationalism, and a focus on nature.

Nationalism

The promotion of a nation's culture and welfare above others, often emphasized in Philippine literature.

Post-EDSA Revolution

The period after the People Power Revolution in 1986, characterized by the emergence of new approaches in reading Philippine writing and the flourishing of gay and women's writings.

21st Century Philippine Literature

Literature in the 21st century that explores gender sensitivity, challenges social normativities, and incorporates technology in the writing and publishing process.

Oral poetry

Revived through poetry readings or open mic readings, giving it a modern twist.

Textula

Unusual kind of poetry genre where the entity of the poem is written and read on mobile phones.

Norman Wilwayco

NCR author, bass player for a rock and roll band, and writer for Filmless Films.

Joey Ayala

Region 13 author, Filipino singer-songwriter known for combining Filipino ethnic instruments with modern pop music.

Ricardo Lee

Region 5 author, Filipino screenwriter, journalist, novelist, and playwright.

Jessica Zafra

NCR author, fiction writer, columnist, editor, and publisher known for her sharp and witty writing style.

Lovella Velasco

Region 2 author known for her research on Ilokano women writers of Nueva Vizcaya.

Candy Gourlay

Region 11 Filipino author based in the UK, shortlisted for the Carnegie Medal.

Michael Coroza

NCR author famous for promoting the traditional poetic genre of "Balagtasan."

Voltaire Q

Region 8 writer, teacher, and advocate for the Waray language.

Prose

Literary work that is spoken or written within the common flow of language in sentences and paragraphs.

Fiction

Sub-division of prose that covers imaginative narration, intended to entertain and make readers think and feel.

Nonfiction

Sub-division of prose that covers "real life" narration or exposition based on history and facts.

Poetry

Art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities, consisting largely of oral or literary works.

Lyric

Sub-division of poetry featuring poems intended to be sung with the accompaniment of the musical instrument called "lyre."

Ballad

Narrative poem depicting a single incident in a person's life, usually recited or sung during gatherings.

Sonnet

Lyric poem of 14 iambic pentameter lines usually about love and beautiful themes.

Narrative

Sub-division of poetry that tells or narrates a story, can be lengthy as an epic or short as a ballad.

Dramatic

Sub-division of poetry featuring poems meant to be performed on stage, including theater plays and dramatic presentations.

Melodrama

Dramatic poetry combining elements of tragedy and comedy, ending on a happy note.

Farce

Dramatic poetry that is an exaggerated comedy aiming to elicit laughter and relaxation.

Illustrated Novel

Narrative presented with 50% of the story conveyed through images, with textual portions presented in traditional form.

Graphic Novel

Narrative work conveyed to the reader using comic form, encompassing non-fiction and fictional stories across genres.

Manga

Japanese comic books and graphic novels known for their artistic and storytelling style.

Digi-Fiction

Combines book, movie/video, and internet website, requiring engagement in navigation, reading, and viewing.

Doodle Fiction

Literary presentation incorporating doodle writing, drawings, and handwritten graphics in place of traditional font.

Text-Talk Novels

Stories told almost completely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges, using blog, email, or IM format.

Chick Literature/Chick Lit

Genre fiction addressing issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and lightheartedly.

Flash Fiction/Dagli

Style of fictional literature of extreme brevity, ranging from a word to a thousand.

Realistic Fiction

Story that can actually happen and is true to real life, resembling real-life and fictional characters.

Historical Fiction

Genre based on real historical events and set in a historical context, with characters and actions that may not have existed historically.

Six-Word Poetry

Condensed form of poetry conveying a complete thought, emotion, or story using only six words.

Science Fiction

Genre exploring imaginative and futuristic concepts, often based on scientific and technological advancements.

Speculative Fiction

Genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, etc.

Creative Nonfiction

Uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives.

Blog

A website containing short articles called posts that are changed regularly.

Vlog

A journalistic video documentation on the web of a person's life, thoughts, opinions, and interests.

Hyper Poetry

Poetry that uses links using hypertext markup and can involve set words presented in variable order or parts of the poem that move and mutate.

Textula

Tanaga Poem Format with traditional and modern variations in syllable count and rhyme scheme.

Spoken Poetry

Focuses on the aesthetics of wordplay, intonation, and voice inflection, performed in an artistic and emotive manner.

Plot Structure

Exposition, Initial Incident, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution, and Denouement.

Allegory

A literary device used to express large, complex ideas in an approachable manner.

Anachronism

A literary device that places someone or something associated with a particular historical time in the wrong time period.

Cliffhanger

Marks the end of a section of a narrative with the purpose of keeping audiences engaged.

Dramatic Irony

A plot device where the audience knows more about the situations and conflicts than the leading characters.

Foreshadowing

Indicating a future event to create suspense.

Humor

A literary tool that induces amusement or laughter to break monotony.

Imagery

The use of figurative language to evoke a sensory experience or create a picture with words.

Motif

A recurrent image, idea, or symbol that develops or explains a theme.

Satire

Utilizes tones of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation towards a flawed subject to create awareness and change.

Suspense

Creates anxiety to make readers concerned about the characters and form sympathetic associations with them.

Symbolism

Something that stands for or suggests something else, embodying additional meanings and significance.

Verisimilitude

Likeness to the truth, resembling a real event even if far-fetched.