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A 55-year-old male patient underwent abdominal surgery two days ago. Since the procedure, he has been unable to urinate despite feeling the urge to do so. His abdomen is distended, and he is uncomfortable. Physical examination reveals a full bladder on palpation.

Medication: Bethanechol

A 42-year-old woman has been recovering from bowel surgery for three days but has yet to have a bowel movement. She reports abdominal bloating and mild discomfort. Auscultation reveals hypoactive bowel sounds.

Medication: Bethanechol

A 60-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe eye pain and blurred vision. She mentions seeing halos around lights. On examination, her intraocular pressure is elevated, and her pupils are constricted (miosis).

Medication: Pilocarpine

A 48-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of dry mouth and dry eyes, which have been persistent for several months. She is diagnosed with Sjogren’s syndrome.

Medication: Pilocarpine

A 30-year-old woman reports progressive muscle weakness, especially in her arms and eyelids, which worsens by the end of the day. She is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis after testing.

Medication: Pyridostigmine

A 67-year-old woman is diagnosed with chronic open-angle glaucoma. She has been prescribed ecothiopate eye drops to lower her intraocular pressure.

Medication: Ecothiopate

A 38-year-old farmworker is brought to the emergency department after accidentally being exposed to pesticides. He is sweating, salivating excessively, has constricted pupils, and is experiencing muscle twitching.

Medication: Pralidoxime and Atropin

A 72-year-old male presents to the emergency department with dizziness and fatigue. His heart rate is 40 beats per minute, and he is diagnosed with symptomatic bradycardia.

Medication: Atropine

A 35-year-old woman is found confused and disoriented after ingesting a large dose of an unknown medication. She has dry skin, is flushed, and her pupils are dilated. Her heart rate is elevated at 120 bpm.

Medication: Physostigmine

A 40-year-old woman is preparing for a long sea voyage. She is worried about experiencing nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness, which she has experienced on previous trips.

Medication: Scopolamine

A 50-year-old male patient is recovering from general anesthesia after abdominal surgery. He is experiencing nausea and vomiting.

Medication: Scopolamine (transdermal)

A 65-year-old man presents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by shortness of breath and a persistent cough with sputum production. His symptoms worsen over time, but he is stable.

Medication: Tiotropium

A 58-year-old man with known COPD presents to the clinic with worsening shortness of breath over the past two days. He needs rapid relief from his sympt

Medication: Ipratropium

A 68-year-old male with Parkinson’s disease reports worsening tremors, especially in his hands. His motor symptoms have not been well controlled with his current medications.

Medication: Benztropine

A 55-year-old woman complains of urinary urgency and frequency, which disrupts her daily activities. She has been diagnosed with overactive bladder.

Medication: Oxybutynin

A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, and a rash after eating at a restaurant. His vitals show:

Medication: Epinephrine

A 65-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with worsening shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in his legs. His history includes congestive heart failure. On examination, his vitals reveal:

Medication: Dobutamine

A 30-year-old woman presents with complaints of a stuffy nose for several days due to a cold. She has been using an over-the-counter nasal spray for relief but is now experiencing rebound congestion.

Medication: Oxymetazoline

A 32-year-old pregnant woman is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia at 28 weeks gestation. Her blood pressure is persistently elevated at 150/95 mmHg. She has been prescribed methyldopa to manage her blood pressure.

Medication: Methyldopa

A 22-year-old woman with a history of asthma arrives at the emergency room with sudden difficulty breathing, wheezing, and chest tightness. Her peak expiratory flow rate is significantly reduced.

Medication: Albuterol

A 60-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed salmeterol as part of his long-term management plan.

Medication: Salmeterol

A 50-year-old woman presents with symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency. Her doctor prescribes mirabegron for overactive bladder.

Medication: Mirabegron

A 40-year-old male patient undergoing surgery under general anesthesia experiences a drop in blood pressure during the procedure.

Medication: Ephedrine

A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, presenting with severe headaches, palpitations, and episodic hypertension. She is scheduled for tumor removal surgery.

Medication: Ephedrine

A 65-year-old man with a history of urinary retention and difficulty starting urination is diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. He does not have hypertension.

 

Medication: Tamsulosin

A 70-year-old man with both BPH and hypertension reports worsening urinary symptoms and poorly controlled blood pressure.

Medication: Prazosin

A 32-year-old woman presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including palpitations, anxiety, and tremors. Her lab results show elevated thyroid hormone levels.

Medication: Propranolol

A 68-year-old man with a history of heart failure is being managed with medication. His echocardiogram shows a reduced ejection fraction.

Medication: Metoprolol or Bisoprolol