Motor Behavior Summary: Kin 2508

(motor control)

(motor learning)

(motor development) (All ages)

Study of how......

1. Humans move

2. Acquire and improve motor performance skills

3. Change skills throughout the lifespan

1. motor control

2.motor learning

3. motor control

4. motor learning

5. motor development

Can you classify the subdiscipline for each of these questions?

1.How fast should a baseball player swing a bat in order to hit a 95-mph fastball?

2.You'd like to improve your golf game. Should you spend money to pay for video analysis of your swing or should visit the range more often?

3.What motor performance assessments could be used in a hospital setting on post-stroke patients to determine what assistive services they will need at home?

4.Your daughter wants to play recreational basketball, and you've volunteered to coach the team. What is the best way to organize different skills within a practice session to effectively improve their shooting performance?

5.Does the type of flooring in the home impact crawling milestones in infants?

Motor behavior in research:

Fine

Gross

•Motor skill classification:

•By muscle group

•_______: hand griping, precise

_________: Steep training used in the Parkinson patients

Motor behavior in research:

open loop

closed loop

closed loop

Motor skill classification:

•By environmental context

•_______: happen predetermined, no sensory feedback, Ex: shooting a free throw, not many factors.

•_________: other factors coming in.

One group receiving auditory stimulation and one group not (so getting sensory feedback). Stepping in multiple directions. So her study is an example of an _________.

Motor behavior in research:

transition

auditory

learning

learning

control

•Application

•"Movement _________ (hit door jam have to lift foot a certain level to clear the door jam) is a fundamental motor deficit for individuals with PD."

•Motor skill classification

•Environmental context within study design

•Motor behavior subdisciplines

Study:

___________ stimulation helped with their functional performance.

8 weeks later able to maintain what they learned (_________).

Study is an example of motor _______ and motor ________ because done over time.

Motor behavior in research:

Handwriting vs. typing is the fine motor skill

Gross: N/A

closed loop because have sensory feedback about the letters and how your writing. Cursive handwriting better for brain activity than typing.

OpenLoop: N/A

Motor subdisciplines: motor control and motor learning (long term implications)

The importance of Cursive handwriting study:

•Motor skill classification:

•By muscle group

•Fine: ____________

•Gross: __________

•By environmental context

•Closed loop: __________

•Open loop: ___________

•Application

•Motor skill classification

•Environmental context within study design

•Motor behavior subdisciplines: _____________

motor skills

knowledge

behaviors

emotional intelligence

What Is Physical Education and Pedagogy?

Physical education: a core subject that "provides students with a planned, sequential, K-12 standards-based program of curricula and instruction designed to develop ________, __________ and __________for active living, physical fitness, sportsmanship, self-efficacy and ________________" (SHAPE America, 2016)

In the PE talk (Christina Courtney):

She involved the parents and made the sure the kids developed healthy habits early.

teaching

purposeful

physical activity

involuntary

What Is Physical Education and Pedagogy?

•Pedagogy: the art, science, or profession of ___________.

•Sport pedagogy (pedagogy for each sport can focus on one particular sport)

•Physical activity: any ________ bodily movement that requires the use of energy by an individual.

•Exercise: planned, structured, repetitive________ ___________

Human movement can be ___________ that is what makes it different from physical activity. Ex: hiccups

•Policy (Ex: having PE everyday) and Environment (Ex: gym space)

•Curriculum

•Appropriate Instruction for levels of skills and ages

•Teaching skills

•Student Assessment: assessing performance and teamwork, trying again

(Society of Health and Physical Educators, SHAPE America, 2015)

Components of a High-Quality Physical Education Program (5)

National Standards for Physical Education:

motor skills

movement

performance

physical activity

fitness

responsible personal and social

health

enjoyment

challenge

self-expression

social interaction

•The physically literate individual:

•Demonstrates competency in a variety of ___________and movement patterns

•Applies knowledge of concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics related to ______and________

•Demonstrates the knowledge and skills to achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of _________and _______

•Exhibits _______________________________behavior that respects self and others

•Recognizes the value of physical activity for _______, ________, , __________, and/or __________

cognition

brain functioning.

systemtic/metaanalysis

Be smart, exercise your heart research:

Effects of physical activity interventions research:

When you are engaged in PE you have better _________ and _______________

_______________ best research evidence you can get your hands on. Reviewed a lot of other research studies and combined the data from all of these research studies. Get a much more robust and accurate data.

Key summaries regarding research in PE:

Higher quality physical education

math

•________ —not just more time but more intensity, engagement, integration—produces gains in academic outcomes, especially ______ .

•Effects in reading, spelling, and composite academic scores are less strong or sometimes non-significant, depending on type of intervention.

•Interventions that combine physical activity with academic content tend to have larger effects than those that just add generic physical activity.

•Effect sizes tend to be small to moderate. They are meaningful at scale but not huge for any single student.

•There is heterogeneity (variation) in results based on age, intervention type, duration, measurement methods, etc.