INTRODUCTION A&P 1 EXAM

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Anatomy -

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Study of the body structure.

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Physiology-

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Study of how the body functions

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100 Terms

1

Anatomy -

Study of the body structure.

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Physiology-

Study of how the body functions

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The basic units of all life -

Cells

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4

What are the 11 body systems?

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

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Homeostasis -

Maintaining a state of internal balance within the body.

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Any feedback loop must contain 3 components:

sensor, control center, effector

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A sensor-

gathers information about a body's condition

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An effector-

responds to the signal

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A control center-

compares the sensor inputs with the set point and sends a corrective signal if necessary

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Body Directional Terms -

healthcare professionals use standardized terms to designate body positions and directions.

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Anatomic Position -

standing upright with face front, arms at sides with palms facing forward, and feet parallel.

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Anterior and Ventral:

toward the belly surface, or front of the body

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Posterior and Dorsal-

locations nearer the back

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Body Cavities:

Dorsal cavity, Ventral cavity, Cranial cavity, Spinal cavity, Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity, Abdomio-pelvic cavity, Pelvic cavity

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4 Quadrants of the Abdomen-

RUQ (right upper quadrant), LUQ (left upper quadrant), LLQ (left lower quadrant), RLQ (right lower quadrant

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9 Regions of the Abdomen-

Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac,
Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar
Right Iliac, Hypogastric, Left Iliac

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Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides body into front & back

<p>Divides body into front &amp; back</p>
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Sagittal Plane

Divides body into left and right

<p>Divides body into left and right</p>
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Transverse Plane

Divides body into superior and inferior

<p>Divides body into superior and inferior</p>
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Distal

Farthest from the point of origin

<p>Farthest from the point of origin</p>
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Proximal

Nearest to the point of origin

<p>Nearest to the point of origin</p>
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Superior

Upward

<p>Upward</p>
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Inferior

Downward

<p>Downward</p>
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Lateral

Away from the midline

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Medial

Towards the midline

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Homeostasis

Ability to maintain balance

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Umbilical Region

Center most region of abdomen

<p>Center most region of abdomen</p>
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Epigastric Region

Top Center region of abdomen

<p>Top Center region of abdomen</p>
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Right Iliac Region

Right Lower region of abdomen

<p>Right Lower region of abdomen</p>
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Left Iliac Region

Left Lower region of abdomen

<p>Left Lower region of abdomen</p>
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Hypogastric Region

Lower Center region of abdomen

<p>Lower Center region of abdomen</p>
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Right Hypochondriac Region

Right Upper region of abdomen

<p>Right Upper region of abdomen</p>
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Left Hypochondriac Region

Left Upper region of abdomen

<p>Left Upper region of abdomen</p>
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Integumentary System

Includes skin, hair, sweat and oil glands, and fingernails

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Skeletal System

Includes basic framework of body

<p>Includes basic framework of body</p>
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Muscular System

Includes muscles, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

<p>Includes muscles, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle</p>
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Endocrine System

Includes thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands

<p>Includes thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands</p>
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Cardiovascular System

Includes heart and blood vessels

<p>Includes heart and blood vessels</p>
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Lymphatic System

Includes tonsils, thymus, and spleen

<p>Includes tonsils, thymus, and spleen</p>
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Respiratory System

Includes lungs, and passages to lungs

<p>Includes lungs, and passages to lungs</p>
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Digestive System

Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestives, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

<p>Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestives, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas</p>
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Urinary System

Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

<p>Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra</p>
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Negative Feedback

Main method for maintaining homeostasis

<p>Main method for maintaining homeostasis</p>
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Levels of Organization

Chemicals, cells, organs, organ systems, body

<p>Chemicals, cells, organs, organ systems, body</p>
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Cells

Basic units of all life.

<p>Basic units of all life.</p>
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Organs-

work together to form systems

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Extracellular Fluid

All fluid on the outside of cells

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Intracellular Fluid

All fluid on the inside of cells

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Metabolism

All life-sustaining reactions occurring within body

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Catabolism

Breaking down of complex substances into simpler compounds

<p>Breaking down of complex substances into simpler compounds</p>
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Anabolism

Manufacturing of simple compounds into more complex substances

<p>Manufacturing of simple compounds into more complex substances</p>
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

"Energy Currency" of body that is obtained from catabolism of nutrients

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Anatomic Position

Standing upright position, facing front, with arms at side and palms forward.

<p>Standing upright position, facing front, with arms at side and palms forward.</p>
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Anterior

Toward the front

<p>Toward the front</p>
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Posterior

Toward the back

<p>Toward the back</p>
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Dorsal Cavity

Contains Cranial and Spinal Cavities

<p>Contains Cranial and Spinal Cavities</p>
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Ventral Cavity

Contains Thoracic, Diaphragm, Abdominal, & Pelvic Cavities

<p>Contains Thoracic, Diaphragm, Abdominal, &amp; Pelvic Cavities</p>
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Thoracic Cavity

Contains Lungs & Mediastinum

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Mediastinum

Contains Heart

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Abdominopelvic

Contains Abdominal & Pelvic Cavities

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Diaphragm

Divides Thoracic Abdominal Cavities

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Abdominal Cavity

Includes Stomach, Liver, & Intestines

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Pelvic Cavity

Contains Reproductive organs

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Cranial

Skull

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Cephalic

Head

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Facial

Face

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Frontal

Forehead

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Ocular

Eye

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Oral

Mouth

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Thoracic

Chest

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Mammary

Breast

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Upper Extremity

Brachial, Antecubital, Carpal, & Manual

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Brachial

Arm

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Auxillary

Armpit

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Antecubital

Inner Elbow

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Antebrachial

Forearm

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Umbilical

Navel

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Carpal

Wrist

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Inguinal

Groin

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Manual

Hand

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Pubis

Pubic

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Palmar

Palm

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Femoral

Thigh

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Phalangeal

Fingers & Toes

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Lower Extremity

Femoral, Crural, Pedal

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Patellar

Knee Cap

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Crural

Leg

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Pedal

Foot

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Tarsal

Ankle

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Parietal

Crown

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Occipital

Base of Skull

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Acromial

Shoulder

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Cervical

Neck

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Deltoid

Lateral Shoulder

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Scapular

Shoulder Blade

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Lumber

Small of Back

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Iliac

Hip

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Sacral

Sacrum

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Gluteal

Buttock

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Popliteal

Back of Knee

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