Urinary and Psychological Health: Key Terms and Developmental Stages

dysuria

Painful/difficult urination

anuria

absence of urine

enuresis

oliguria

Decreased urine output, typically less than 400 mL in 24 hours; may suggest dehydration, kidney dysfunction, or urinary obstruction

pyuria

Presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine

proteinuria

Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage or disease

cholinergic meds

stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle, producing urination

analgesics/tranqs

suppress CNS

BUN

measures the amount of urea nitrogen

KUB

(Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder): An X-ray of the abdomen that assesses the size, shape, and position of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Used to detect stones or structural abnormalities

Cystoscopy

A procedure using a cystoscope (a thin tube with a camera) to visualize the inside of the bladder and urethra

pyelogram

An imaging test (usually an Intravenous Pyelogram, or IVP) that uses contrast dye and X-rays to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Depersonalization

A psychological state in which a person feels detached from their body or thoughts, as if they are an outside observer of themselves

Identity diffusion

A condition where an individual lacks a clear sense of identity. Often seen in adolescence or certain mental health disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder)

3 dimensions of self concept

self knowledge (who am I), Self expectation (who or what do I want to be), Self evaluation (How well do I know myself)

Coopersmith four bases of self-esteem

significance, competence, virtue, power

Three major self evaluation feelings

Pride, Guilt, Shame

Stages in development of self

self awareness: infancy, self recognition: 18 months, self definition: 3 years, self concept: 6-7 years