ap human unit 5 vocab 1

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Agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Green Revolution

The rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers during the 1970s1970s and 1980s1980s.

Prime Agricultural Land

The most productive farmland available for cultivation.

Translational Corparations

Large companies that conduct research, operate factories, and sell products in many countries, playing a major role in global agribusiness.

Agriculture

The practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising livestock for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.

Horticulture

The cultivation of garden plants, fruits, vegetables, and flowers, often for aesthetic enjoyment.

Ranching

The practice of raising animals for food, fiber, or labor on large areas of land.

Truck Farming

commercial farming of fruits and vegetable grown on limited land area that are sold fresh to local markets, often using trucks and wagons.

Commercial Agriculture

The production of crops and livestock for sale in the market, typically involving large-scale operations and advanced technology.

Intensive Agriculture

farming style that maximizes output from limited land area by using machines, pesticides, etc.

Reaper

A machine used for harvesting crops, particularly grains, by cutting and gathering them mechanically, which increases efficiency and productivity in agricultural practices.

Vegetative Planting

A method of reproduction that involves taking parts of a plant, such as stems or leaves, and inducing them to grow new plants, rather than from seeds.

crop

a cultivated plant grown as food

Intensive Commercial Agriculture

any kind of commercial agriculture activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield.

Ridge Tillage

A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

Wet Rice

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.

Crop Rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.

intensive subsistence agriculture

A form of subsistence agriculture common in Asia, requiring farmers to work intensively on a small plot of land.

seed agriculture

Reproduction of plants through the annual introduction of seeds, resulting from fertilization.

winter wheat

Wheat planted in the autumn that survives the winter and is harvested in the early summer.

desertification

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive farming and animal grazing.

milkshed

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied without spoiling.

shifting cultivation

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another, leaving fields fallow for long periods.

spring wheat

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.

double cropping

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

mediterranean agriculture

Specialized farming that occurs in dry-summer climates, focusing on crops like grapes and olives.

slash-burn agriculture

Another name for shifting cultivation, where fields are cleared by slashing vegetation and burning the debris.

value added crops

Crops that have been processed or enhanced to increase their market value beyond the raw state.

extensive agricukture

An agricultural system characterized by less labor over larger areas of land.

market gardening

The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers.

subsistence agriculture

farming for yourself and your family, mostly for survival

value added farming

transforming raw agricultural products into processed goods on site

extensive commerical agriculture

Large scale commercial farming that uses less labor, often with cheaper land

mixed crop and livestock farming

commercial farming where crops and animals are grown on same farm, making a symbiotic relationship

sustainable agriculture

farming methods dat perserve land and environment over time

vertical farms

growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often indoors

extensive subsistence agriculture

Low-input subsistence farming on large areas of land, such as nomadic herding.

pastoral nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals across vast territories.

threshed

separating grain from plant, typically with flail

vertical integration

when a one company controls multiple parts of the food supply change, from food production to processing to distribution, etc.

grain farming

The mass production of grain crops like wheat, corn, or barley,

plantation

a large farm dedicated to growing one or a few specialized crops for commercial sale.

transhumance

seasonal migration of livestock, between fixed summer (often highlands) and winter (lowlands) pastures.

von thunen model

A model used to explain the spatial arrangement of agricultural activities based on transport costs and market proximity.