Anatomy Chapter 4 - Tissues

4 main types of tissues

~ Epithelial

~ Connective

~ Muscle

~ Nervous

The tissue type that forms coverings or lining of organs

Epithelial tissue

Function of neural tissue

Specialized for conducting electrical impulses

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

~ Polarity

~ Cellularity

~ Attachment

~ Avascularity

~ Regeneration

Function of microvilli

Absorption and secretion, increase surface area

Shapes of epithelial tissue

~ Squamous - thin and flat

~ Cuboidal - square shaped

~ Columnar - tall, slender rectangles

~ Simple - single layer of cells

~ Stratified - several layers of cells

The epithelial tissue that lines the body cavities

Mesothelium (simple squamous epithelia)

The tissue that lines the small intestine and the stomach

Simple columnar epithelia

What glands cells produce

~ Endocrine glands (hormones)

~ Exocrine glands (secretions)

Difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

~ Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

~ Exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts to specific locations

The glands that secrete mucin

Goblet cells or mucous glands

Three categories of connective tissue

~ Connective tissue proper (connect and protect)

~ Fluid connective tissues (transport)

~ Supporting connective tissues (structural strength)

Types of connective tissues & examples

1. Loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose)

2. Dense connective tissue (tendons, ligaments)

3. Cartilage (hyaline, elastic)

4. Bone (compact, spongy)

5. Blood (plasma, red and white blood cells)

Types of cells in connective tissue & functions

1. Fibroblasts (produce fibers)

2. Macrophages (immune function)

3. Adipocytes (fat storage)

4. Mast cells (inflammatory response)

5. Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue

~ Collagen fibers

~ Reticular fibers

~ Elastic fibers

Components of blood

~ Plasma

~ Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

~ White blood cells (leukocytes)

~ Platelets

Types of cartilage and locations in the body

~ Hyaline cartilage (synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea)

~ Elastic cartilage (external ear and epiglottis)

~ Fibrocartilage (joints, between pubic bones, and between spinal vertebrae)

Types of tissue membrane and their location in the body

~ Mucous membranes (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts)

~ Serous membranes (cover the abdominal organs, lungs, and heart)

~ Cutaneous membrane (skin that covers the body)

~ Synovial membranes (line synovial joint cavities)lining

The fluid that lubricate joints

Synovial fluid

Characteristics of muscle tissue

Specialized for contraction

What tissues regenerate easily

~ Skin

~ Lining of stomach

~ Lining of mouth

Location of neural cells

~ Brain

~ Spinal cord

~ In the nervous system

Types of neural tissue

~ Neurons

~ Neuroglia (supporting cells)

First response to injury

~ Inflammation

~ Regeneration

Signs of inflammation

~ Redness

~ Swelling

~ Pain

~ Itchiness

Effects of aging on tissues

Slows repair and maintenance activities

~ Thinner epithelia

~ Fragile connective tissues

~ Increased briusing

Causes of cancer

~ Chemical exposure

~ Environmental factors