Chapter 11 AP Human geo

Great Britain

The Industrial Revolution began in:

a gradual diffusion of new ideas in industry accompanied by social, economic and political inventions

Which best describes the Industrial Revolution?

home-based manufacturing

Which is the distinctive feature of the cottage industry system?

textile and iron

The first industries to increase production through extensive use of the steam engine were:

not built in Greece until after 1876

the diffusion of the industrial revolution was delayed in part because European railways were

the United Kingdom

Which country is NOT among the four countries that produce 50 percent of the world's industrial output?

Portugal and western Spain

Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all of the following EXCEPT?

Argentina and India

Which two large industrial producing countries are located outside of the three world regions where industry is concentrated

Access to the country's transportation network

Today, the most significant industrial asset of the Western Great Lakes region is its:

the St. Lawrence Valley in southeast Ontario

which of the following is Canada's most important industrial area?

Organized labor unions that bargain for higher wages.

East asia represents the most recent and fastest growing worlds industrial areas. Which of the following is NOT a factor in their success

minimize transportation costs

Situation costs are critical to a firm which wishes to:

land

Which factor of production is geographically static and immobile?

labor-intensive industry

An industry in which employee costs are a high percentage of expenses is called a

skilled labor and venture capital

The spatial clustering of high-tech industry in Silicon Valley, California resulted from

bulk-reducing industry

A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

brazil

which country is not a source of copper

bulk-gaining industries

Soda bottling, metal fabrication, and car manufacturing are examples of a:

markets for finished automobiles

Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily based on their proximity to

cheese and dairy manufacturers

Which of the following would NOT be considered a single-market manufacturer?

break-of-bulk points

A transnational company which depends on cheap manufactured goods from developed regions that will decrease the commodity price in developed regions, will often locate near:

ship

Even though containers can be transferred to trucks or trains, containerization was developed to facilitate long-distance shipping by

just-in-time production

The shipment of manufacturing inputs in a manner that allows for production flexibility is known as

With only one-twentieth of the world' population North America consumes about a quarter of the world's energy supply.

Which statement about energy demand is CORRECT?

greater than Australia or Canada.

coal production in the united states in

60

The highest per capita consumption of energy is in North America, but by 2040, developing countries will consume which percentage of the world's fossil fuels?

Venezuela

Which South American country has significant proven petroleum reserves?

clustered primarily on the Arabian Peninsula

Which best describes the location of petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia & North Africa?

The United States produces 50 percent of the world's petroleum output.

Which of the following is NOT true about the world's energy supply?

a proven reserve

The supply of energy remaining in discovered deposits is known as

the falling value of petroleum on the world market

Which of the following is NOT a problems associated with exploiting potential reserves of petroleum?

removal of all U.S. government subsidies in 1980 to major oil companies like Exxon-Mobil causing increased prices

Throughout history, oil prices have experienced dramatic price changes. Which is NOT an event that led to a sharp fluctuation in the price per barrel?

Japan

Following a massive earthquake in 2011, which country experienced a nuclear meltdown?

Nuclear fusion has been developed to its full capacity

Which of the following is NOT true about nuclear energy?

The large amount of energy released through fission

Which is NOT a challenge to relying on nuclear power as an alternative to fossil fuels?

it already serves an essential purpose other than energy, including providing food and shelter.

The potential for increasing the use of biomass for fuel is limited because:

the cost of the turbines requires significant capital investment

A significant drawback to wind power is

active solar energy systems.

Photovoltaic cells are a component part of

Solar power is widely used in the United States, providing over 20 percent of its electricity.

Which of the following is NOT true about solar energy?

Most is generated from power plants and factories.

Which statement is TRUE about air pollution?

also increase

As a country's per capita income increases, its per capita carbon dioxide emissions may

the greenhouse effect

The increase in Earth's temperature, caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, is called

in the year 1900 and 375 PPM in the year 2000

Which answer correctly describes the trend in emissions, beginning with the year when carbon dioxide emissions were approximately 300 PPM?

Disruption of food chains and other sources of life on Earth, Leaks of freon emissions from the Sun that cause skin cancer on Earth

Which outcome is a potential result of damage to the ozone layer?

It converts CFCs to acid

Which of the following is NOT true about acid precipitation?

slight winds, temperature inversions, and trapped particulates

Which factors contribute to the problem of air pollution at the local scale?

The production of electricity using hydroelectric power

Which of the following activities is NOT a major source of pollution?

New York, New Jersey, and Illinois

Which states are the biggest exporters of solid waste?

Common examples include fertilizers and chemicals from agriculture.

Which statement about point-source pollution is NOT TRUE?

decreased from 14 percent in 1980 to 5 percent in 2017

Which describes the changes in U.S. steel production between 1980 to 2017?

minimills which utilize scrap metal in many U.S. locations.

In addition to integrated mills, about one-fourth of U.S. steel production is now attributed to

create obstacles for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers

Twenty-eight U.S. states have so-called "right-to-work" laws that

growth due to proximity to primary inputs such as iron ore and coal

Which accurately describes China's steel industry?

The United States

Steel production has declined during the 1980's and 1990's most rapidly in:

Midwest and Auto Alley, to minimize national distribution costs.

Since 1980, new U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the:

) low-wage skilled labor and proximity to markets

Which two location factors influence more industries to expand to central Europe?

Each country specializes in the type of good for which it has the lowest opportunity cost, resulting in a higher global output of both types of goods.

Which of the following best explains a trading relationship between two countries based on comparative advantage?

New international division of labor

The establishment of maquiladoras by United States corporations for the production of electronics components is an example of which of the following?

was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1980s.

As a percentage of GNI, the trend indicated is that the share of manufacturing in developed countries

labor-intensive steps completed in different low-wage countries.

The textile industry is distributed across a multiple regions because of

East, Southeast, and South Asia

Which regions are responsible for the majority of clothing sold in the United States?

In spite of being labor-intensive, labor costs are a tiny fraction of clothing consumer prices.

Which is a way that shirt production illustrates the new international division of labor?

The cost of transporting raw materials to the factory and finished products to the market

According to Alfred Weber's Least Cost Theory, the most important factor in determining the location of an industry is:

Europe, North America, East Asia

In what regions is industry concentrated?