Practicum Exam

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65 Terms

1
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Fish are ______________ (ectotherms) or coldblooded - meaning the environment dictates their temperature

poikilotherms

2
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What is the salinity range for fish that live in freshwater? (only type the letter as your answer choice

a. 1.0-2.0 ppt

b. 0-0.5 ppt

c. 3.0-4.0 ppt

b

3
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What is the salinity range for fish that live in brackish water? (only type the letter as your answer choice

a. 1.0-2.0 ppt

b. 0.6-31.9 ppt

c. 3.0-4.0 ppt

b

4
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What is the salinity range for fish that live in saltwater? (only type the letter as your answer choice

a. 32 ppt

b. 0-0.5 ppt

c. 3.0-4.0 ppt

a

5
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_____ are for locomotion, while _____ are for respiration. (separate your answer with a comma)

fins, gills

6
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Counter Current Exchange: ____________ (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood flows in the opposite direction to the ____________ (oxygenated/deoxygenated) water that flows over the fish gills. (separate your answer with a comma)

deoxygenated, oxygenated

7
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Freshwater fish drink water, true or false?

false

8
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saltwater fish drink water, true or false?

true

9
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Saltwater is an example of a _____________ (hypertonic/hypotonic) solution. This causes the cells to _______ (burst/shrivel). Separate your answers with a comma.

hypertonic, shrivel

10
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Freshwater is an example of a _____________ (hypertonic/hypotonic) solution. This causes the cells to _______ (burst/shrivel). Separate your answers with a comma.

hypotonic, burst

11
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___________ is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

osmosis

12
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The gills of fish have the function of ______________, which is the active maintenance of fluid balance and concentration of electrolytes (takes place in the gills)

osmoregulation

13
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________________ - fish that must live in a small range of salinities. ex. channel fish

stenohaline

14
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______________ - fish that live in a wide range of salinities. ex. Red drum

euryhaline

15
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_____________ - term that describes fish that live in both salt and fresh water

anadromous

16
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__________ ___________ - the amount of O2 diffused in the water (ppm or mg/L)

dissolved oxygen

17
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__________ - the amount of salt in the water (ppt or g/L)

salinity

18
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__________ - the ability for water to withstand changes in pH

alkalinity

19
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_________ is removed by bacteria on the media and is toxic to the fish

nitrite

20
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________ is not toxic nor important to the fish and it is consumed by the plants

nitrate

21
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_________ ____________ - liquid in the yellow bottle that dechlorinates the water

sodium thiosulfate

22
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__ - measures the acidity or how basic the water is

pH

23
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__________ - the growing of fish for food

aquaculture

24
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____ _______ - when you put the fish in a cage in a pond

cage culture

25
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_________ _____________ ________ (RAS) - a system where a pump pushes water through, a fish tank holds the fish, there is a mechanical filter, and there is biological filtration

Recirculating Aquaculture System

26
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__________ are the bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrite

nitrosomonas

27
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_________ is the bacteria that converts nitrite into nitrate

Nitrobacter

28
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Plants utilize nitrate to make _______

protein

29
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In fish, keratin is replaced by _____ which is a glycoprotein (sticky substance) called mucus.

mucin

30
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Which scales have very rough enamel and are pointed/tooth-shaped? They are found in sharks and rays. Cycloid, placoid, or ganoid?

placoid

31
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Which scales have a very rough structure, serrated edges, and are enamel like? They are found in bowfin, paddlefish, and gars. Cycloid, placoid, or ganoid?

ganoid

32
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Which scales have a smooth texture, are uniform, and circular-shaped to overlap like roof tiles They are found in teleost fish. Cycloid, placoid, or ganoid?

cycloid

33
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Most fish have ____ bones

150

34
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___ _____ are the bony part of the fin

fin rays

35
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_______ fin (tail fin) - pushes water to propel the fish forward. it is usually soft and made of cartilage. P_ _ _ _ _ _ & p_ _ _ _ _ fins assist in body positioning and turning. _______ fin is supported by radial cartilage and is found on the backs of fish. (separate answers with a comma.

caudal, pectoral, pelvic, dorsal

36
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Fish are _____________ meaning they have a vertebral column

vertebrates

37
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fish are ______________ meaning they have a skeleton made of bone. sharks are ____________ meaning they have a skeleton made of cartilage. (separate answers with a comma).

Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes

38
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The ____________ is the bone that covers the gills and can be opened or closed to push oxygenated water across the gills

operculum

39
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Red muscle tissue utilizes _________ respiration (with oxygen), while white muscle tissue utilizes ___________ respiration (without oxygen).

40
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Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, true or false?

true

41
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The _________ muscles are the superior muscles. In this portion, the sides of the fish are separated via radial cartilage. The _________ muscles are the inferior muscles. In this portion, the sides of the fish are separated via the abdominal cavity. (separate answers with a comma)

epaxial, hypaxial

42
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_________ or shocking - temporary stunning fish causing them to float to the surface of the where they can be collected

electrofishing

43
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The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus are all included in the fish _________ system.

Digestive

44
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The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system are all included in the fish _________ system.

Nervous

45
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The _________ line system detects movement, vibrations and pressure gradient

Lateral

46
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The ______ ______ has a large mouth. When their mouths open, water rushes in with a hopeful prey item

Black bass

47
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______ have teeth that slice prey to take chunks

Sharks

48
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________ have small grasping teeth and whiskers

catfish

49
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____________ - a term that describes fish that eat other fish

piscivorous

50
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Fish are primarily composed of p______ & l______, therefore their diets will contain a lot of proteins and lipids. (Separate answers with a comma)

proteins, lipids

51
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Fish that eat 10-32% of protein are considered ____________. Their intestines are 3x, 4x, 5x, etc. their body length.

Herbivorous

52
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Fish that eat 32-45% protein are considered ____________. Their intestines are about 1.5x their body length.

Omnivorous

53
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Fish that eat 45-60% protein are considered _____________. Their intestines are the same length as their body.

carnivorous

54
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Fishes have a s______, c______ circulatory system (separate answers with a comma)

single, closed

55
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Fish have __ chamber hearts (type number only, ex. 3)

2

56
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_______ artery is the primary artery that follows the vertebral column to the tail. It is used in collecting fish blood

Caudal

57
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__________ (anti-coagulant) - prevents platelets(thrombocytes) via deactivating thrombin

Heparin

58
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Blood is separated into 3 components: p_____, B____ c____, and R__ b____ c____. (Separate answers with a comma)

Plasma, Buffy coat, red blood cells

59
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The Buffy coat consists of p_______, l________ (white blood cells). (Separate answers with a comma)

platelets, leukocytes

60
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Researchers measure concentrations of amino acids and metabolites in plasma via H____ P_________ L_____ C______________ (HPLC) and U____ P_________ L_____ C______________ (UPLC). (Separate answers with a comma)

High performance liquid chromatography, ultra performance liquid chromatography

61
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__________ - the place where electrical signals are converted to chemical signals

Hypothalamus

62
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Negative Feedback Loops: Stress

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus during stress? (Type the Abbreviation only, ex. LSH). This hormone is then secreted into the ________ gland. After being secreted into that gland, which hormone is secreted? (Type the abbreviation only, ex. LSH). This hormone is lastly secreted into the __________ gland which produces ___________. This is a ________ hormone meaning it breaks large molecules down to smaller molecules. (Separate answers with a comma)

CRH, pituitary, ACTH, adrenal, cortisol, catabolic

63
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Negative Feedback Loops: growth

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus during growth? (Type the Abbreviation only, ex. LSH). This hormone is then secreted into the ________ gland. After being secreted into that gland, which two hormones are secreted? (Type the abbreviations only, in ALPHABETICAL order, ex. ACTH, LSH). These hormones are lastly secreted into the __________ which produce ___________. This is an ________ hormone meaning it builds large molecules from smaller molecules. (Separate answers with a comma)

GnRH, pituitary, FSH, LH, gonads, testosterone, anabolic

64
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65
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