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Fish are ______________ (ectotherms) or coldblooded - meaning the environment dictates their temperature
poikilotherms
What is the salinity range for fish that live in freshwater? (only type the letter as your answer choice
a. 1.0-2.0 ppt
b. 0-0.5 ppt
c. 3.0-4.0 ppt
b
What is the salinity range for fish that live in brackish water? (only type the letter as your answer choice
a. 1.0-2.0 ppt
b. 0.6-31.9 ppt
c. 3.0-4.0 ppt
b
What is the salinity range for fish that live in saltwater? (only type the letter as your answer choice
a. 32 ppt
b. 0-0.5 ppt
c. 3.0-4.0 ppt
a
_____ are for locomotion, while _____ are for respiration. (separate your answer with a comma)
fins, gills
Counter Current Exchange: ____________ (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood flows in the opposite direction to the ____________ (oxygenated/deoxygenated) water that flows over the fish gills. (separate your answer with a comma)
deoxygenated, oxygenated
Freshwater fish drink water, true or false?
false
saltwater fish drink water, true or false?
true
Saltwater is an example of a _____________ (hypertonic/hypotonic) solution. This causes the cells to _______ (burst/shrivel). Separate your answers with a comma.
hypertonic, shrivel
Freshwater is an example of a _____________ (hypertonic/hypotonic) solution. This causes the cells to _______ (burst/shrivel). Separate your answers with a comma.
hypotonic, burst
___________ is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane
osmosis
The gills of fish have the function of ______________, which is the active maintenance of fluid balance and concentration of electrolytes (takes place in the gills)
osmoregulation
________________ - fish that must live in a small range of salinities. ex. channel fish
stenohaline
______________ - fish that live in a wide range of salinities. ex. Red drum
euryhaline
_____________ - term that describes fish that live in both salt and fresh water
anadromous
__________ ___________ - the amount of O2 diffused in the water (ppm or mg/L)
dissolved oxygen
__________ - the amount of salt in the water (ppt or g/L)
salinity
__________ - the ability for water to withstand changes in pH
alkalinity
_________ is removed by bacteria on the media and is toxic to the fish
nitrite
________ is not toxic nor important to the fish and it is consumed by the plants
nitrate
_________ ____________ - liquid in the yellow bottle that dechlorinates the water
sodium thiosulfate
__ - measures the acidity or how basic the water is
pH
__________ - the growing of fish for food
aquaculture
____ _______ - when you put the fish in a cage in a pond
cage culture
_________ _____________ ________ (RAS) - a system where a pump pushes water through, a fish tank holds the fish, there is a mechanical filter, and there is biological filtration
Recirculating Aquaculture System
__________ are the bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrite
nitrosomonas
_________ is the bacteria that converts nitrite into nitrate
Nitrobacter
Plants utilize nitrate to make _______
protein
In fish, keratin is replaced by _____ which is a glycoprotein (sticky substance) called mucus.
mucin
Which scales have very rough enamel and are pointed/tooth-shaped? They are found in sharks and rays. Cycloid, placoid, or ganoid?
placoid
Which scales have a very rough structure, serrated edges, and are enamel like? They are found in bowfin, paddlefish, and gars. Cycloid, placoid, or ganoid?
ganoid
Which scales have a smooth texture, are uniform, and circular-shaped to overlap like roof tiles They are found in teleost fish. Cycloid, placoid, or ganoid?
cycloid
Most fish have ____ bones
150
___ _____ are the bony part of the fin
fin rays
_______ fin (tail fin) - pushes water to propel the fish forward. it is usually soft and made of cartilage. P_ _ _ _ _ _ & p_ _ _ _ _ fins assist in body positioning and turning. _______ fin is supported by radial cartilage and is found on the backs of fish. (separate answers with a comma.
caudal, pectoral, pelvic, dorsal
Fish are _____________ meaning they have a vertebral column
vertebrates
fish are ______________ meaning they have a skeleton made of bone. sharks are ____________ meaning they have a skeleton made of cartilage. (separate answers with a comma).
Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes
The ____________ is the bone that covers the gills and can be opened or closed to push oxygenated water across the gills
operculum
Red muscle tissue utilizes _________ respiration (with oxygen), while white muscle tissue utilizes ___________ respiration (without oxygen).
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, true or false?
true
The _________ muscles are the superior muscles. In this portion, the sides of the fish are separated via radial cartilage. The _________ muscles are the inferior muscles. In this portion, the sides of the fish are separated via the abdominal cavity. (separate answers with a comma)
epaxial, hypaxial
_________ or shocking - temporary stunning fish causing them to float to the surface of the where they can be collected
electrofishing
The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus are all included in the fish _________ system.
Digestive
The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system are all included in the fish _________ system.
Nervous
The _________ line system detects movement, vibrations and pressure gradient
Lateral
The ______ ______ has a large mouth. When their mouths open, water rushes in with a hopeful prey item
Black bass
______ have teeth that slice prey to take chunks
Sharks
________ have small grasping teeth and whiskers
catfish
____________ - a term that describes fish that eat other fish
piscivorous
Fish are primarily composed of p______ & l______, therefore their diets will contain a lot of proteins and lipids. (Separate answers with a comma)
proteins, lipids
Fish that eat 10-32% of protein are considered ____________. Their intestines are 3x, 4x, 5x, etc. their body length.
Herbivorous
Fish that eat 32-45% protein are considered ____________. Their intestines are about 1.5x their body length.
Omnivorous
Fish that eat 45-60% protein are considered _____________. Their intestines are the same length as their body.
carnivorous
Fishes have a s______, c______ circulatory system (separate answers with a comma)
single, closed
Fish have __ chamber hearts (type number only, ex. 3)
2
_______ artery is the primary artery that follows the vertebral column to the tail. It is used in collecting fish blood
Caudal
__________ (anti-coagulant) - prevents platelets(thrombocytes) via deactivating thrombin
Heparin
Blood is separated into 3 components: p_____, B____ c____, and R__ b____ c____. (Separate answers with a comma)
Plasma, Buffy coat, red blood cells
The Buffy coat consists of p_______, l________ (white blood cells). (Separate answers with a comma)
platelets, leukocytes
Researchers measure concentrations of amino acids and metabolites in plasma via H____ P_________ L_____ C______________ (HPLC) and U____ P_________ L_____ C______________ (UPLC). (Separate answers with a comma)
High performance liquid chromatography, ultra performance liquid chromatography
__________ - the place where electrical signals are converted to chemical signals
Hypothalamus
Negative Feedback Loops: Stress
Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus during stress? (Type the Abbreviation only, ex. LSH). This hormone is then secreted into the ________ gland. After being secreted into that gland, which hormone is secreted? (Type the abbreviation only, ex. LSH). This hormone is lastly secreted into the __________ gland which produces ___________. This is a ________ hormone meaning it breaks large molecules down to smaller molecules. (Separate answers with a comma)
CRH, pituitary, ACTH, adrenal, cortisol, catabolic
Negative Feedback Loops: growth
Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus during growth? (Type the Abbreviation only, ex. LSH). This hormone is then secreted into the ________ gland. After being secreted into that gland, which two hormones are secreted? (Type the abbreviations only, in ALPHABETICAL order, ex. ACTH, LSH). These hormones are lastly secreted into the __________ which produce ___________. This is an ________ hormone meaning it builds large molecules from smaller molecules. (Separate answers with a comma)
GnRH, pituitary, FSH, LH, gonads, testosterone, anabolic