NEW TESTAMENT FINAL

Who is the author of Hebrews?

It is anonymous

What were the issues that led to scholars being skeptical of Paul’s authorship of Hebrews?

The greek is way more sophisticated, the letter in not signed, it shows influences from alexandrian philosophy, and he doesn’t claim to be an apostle

What is unique about Hebrew’s structure (what does it resemble)?

It reads less like a letter and more like a sermon. it begins with doctrine and moves to application repeatedly throughout.

Was Hebrews likely written before or after the Temple destruction?

Before (probably 64 AD/ AD 60s)

What Old Testament priest is central to Hebrews’ theology?

Melchizadeck

What were the three leadership positions in the Old Testament?

Prophet, priest, king

What is the name for a theology that emphasizes Christ’s divinity?

High Christology

What chapter of Hebrews gives a long exposition on Christ’s divinity?

Hebrews 1

True or false: Hebrews is the only document from the period that ties Melchizedek to an appearance of God

False

What is the term for losing your salvation?

apostasy

What persecution had the audience of Hebrews recently faced?

They were being kicked out of the synagogue, the center of their people’s worship community

What is the term for the belief that apostasy is impossible?

Eternal security or perseverance of the saints

Why is James controversial?

it seemingly contradicted Paul’s message and even considered kicking it out of the
Bible. It is very forceful, practical, and Jewish in thought while often quite unstructured.

Which James in the New Testament likely wrote the Epistle of James?

Jesus’ younger half brother

Was James a follower of Jesus during His earthly ministry?

No

What Old Testament book is James similar to in terms of genre?

Proverbs, Ecclesiastes

Who is the likely audience of James?

Jewish christians who were likely poor, persecuted, enslaved, etc.

What two other passages does James act like a commentary on?

Jesus’s sermon on the mount and Luke’s sermon on the plain

According to tradition, what was unique about Peter’s execution?

crucified in AD 67, the same day as Paul, and that he requested to be crucified upside
down, believing he was unworthy to be killed in the same manner as his Savior

Who was the scribe (amanuensis) that wrote 1 Peter for Peter?

Silas

Where were the churches Peter is writing to in 1 Peter located?

Asia Minior

During what years was 1 Peter likely written?

AD 64-67

How is 2 Peter similar to 2 Timothy?

It is a farewell letter like 2 Timothy is for Paul

What are the two dominant metaphorical uses of fire in the Bible?

Destruction and purification

What is a major concern in 1-3 John and Jude?

False teachers

Where was John located when he wrote 1-3 John?

Ephesus

There are two themes in 1 John that begin “God is .” What are they?

God is light, God is love

What heresy held that matter was evil and so Jesus could not truly become human?

Gnosticism

What two noncanonical (not in Scripture) books does Jude quote?

1 Enoch and the assumption of Moses

What are the four reasons I gave why Jude and the Johannine epistles matter?

• Right action follows right thought

• We must be prudent in who we support

• The essence of the Christian life is a life
  of love

• The humanity of Jesus matters

Who wrote Revelation?

John (probably John the apostle)

When was Revelation likely written?

AD 90-96

What is the name of the genre Revelation was written in?

Apocalyptic genre

Who was (likely) the emperor when Revelation was written?

Domitian

What is the main goal of Revelation?

Show the revelation of Jesus
Christ

What position believes Revelation should be interpreted as being primarily about the future?

Futurism

What position believes Revelation refers to events that were in the near future for the authors of these texts but are now past?

Preterism

What position believes Revelation maps out church history?

Historianism

What position believes Revelation refers not to particular events in history, but the eternal battle between God and Satan?

Idealism

What are the four reasons I gave for why Revelation matters?

• It reminds us that the true battle is
  spiritual, not physical

• It offers us perhaps the most extended
  section on our future hope

• It shows us that the Lamb is also a Lion

• It gives us hope amidst suffering

Who do preterists think the Mark of the Beast refers to?

Nero

Who did Martin Luther believe the Mark of the Beast referred to?

The pope

What do many historicists (especially the Reformers) believe the Fall of Babylon was referring to?

The protestant reformation/fall of the papacy

Which view believes in the Rapture?

Dispensational Premillennialism

Which view of the Millennium was held by Papias, a disciple of John?

Historic Premellennialism

Which view believes the millennial reign of Christ is a metaphor for the church age?

Amillennialism

Which view believes that the church’s teachings will slowly conquer the globe?

Postmillenialism

What was the title given to the second generation of leaders who took over after the death of the Apostles?

Apostolic Fathers

True or false: In the earliest church, a single elder (bishop) was always appointed to lead the other elders

False, came by AD 110

What heresy believes the god of the Old Testament is a false god?

Marcionism

What heresy denies the full divinity of the Son?

Arianism

What is the title given to church leaders who combatted early heresies in the 2nd-3rd century?

Apologists

What was the name of the emperor who had a vision of the cross in the sky?

Constantine

What was the name of the council that gave us the classic formulation of the Trinity?

Council of Nicea

Who wrote Acts?

Luke

What is the first historical event in the book of Acts?

Jesus’ Ascension, Judas’ replacement with Matthias

What Greek word (translated into English) is also where we get the word “martyr”?

Witness

What are the locations mentioned in Acts 1:8?

Jerusalem, Judea/Samaria, Ends of the Earth

What are the four reasons why Acts matters?

Becoming a Christian doesn’t remove pain, it invites it in.

It is not you who work, but the Holy Spirit in you

The Gospel breaks all barriers

Your story matters

Who replaced Judas Iscariot?

Matthias

During what festival did the Holy Spirit descend?

Pentacost

What are “tongues” according to the book of Acts?

The ability to speak any language/hear your own language

Who was the first Christian martyr?

Stephen

Who brought the first Gentile to faith in Christ?

Peter

Who is the “main character” of Acts 1-12? Acts 13-28?

Peter, Paul

What council declared that Gentile converts did not need to undergo circumcision?

The council of Jerusalem

Where was Paul whipped and imprisoned even though he was a Roman citizen?

Philippi

In which city did Paul spend the longest time (3 years)?

Ephesus

The book of Acts ends with what?

Paul arriving/living in Rome under house arrest

Paul likely came from a wealthy background.

True

Which Jewish rabbi trained Paul?

Gamaliel

Paul never wrote a church he hadn’t visited.

False

What is (likely) the earliest of Paul’s letters?

Galatians, 1-2 Thessalonians (AD 48-52)

Paul usually structures his letters into two parts. What are they?

Theology (general teachings), practical application

What are the major themes in Paul’s letters discussed in class?

Gentile inclusion, Justification by faith, Hope in Christ’s return,

Who are the “pillars” of the early church?

James, Peter, John

Who does Paul confront in Antioch about the Gentile controversy?

Peter

According to Galatians, what is the “cure” for our ongoing struggle against sin?

Walk by the spirit

Who are the three authors of 1-2 Thessalonians?

Paul, Silas, Timothy

Paul’s trip to Thessalonica was one of the few without persecution.

False

Who did Paul send back to Thessalonica to check on the spiritual health of the church?

Timothy

In 1 Thessalonians, what error did the church fall into?

The church began to believe that if they died before Christ’s return they wouldn’t experience it.

What two errors did the church in 2 Thessalonians fall prey to?

That Christ’s return had already happened, we can quit work because Christ will be back soon

What are the four views of who the man of lawlessness might be?

• Historical/ Political

• Antichrist

• Ecclesiastical

• Symbolic/Typological

How long did Paul spend in Corinth?

18 months (1.5 years)

What modern city did we compare Corinth to?

Las Vegas

Which chapter in 1 Corinthians is often considered one of the most important ever written by Paul?

Chapter 15

What word is repeated constantly in the first few verses of 2 Corinthians?

Comfort

By the writing of 2 Corinthians, the church in Corinth had repented.

True

What social institution did we say was vital to the structure of the Roman Empire?

Patron - client relationships

Who kicked the Jews out of Rome in AD 49 for arguing about “Chrestus”?

Emperor Claudius

What is the Greek word “propitiation” also translated as?

atonement

Who “believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness” in Romans 4?

Abraham

Who does Paul contrast Jesus with in Romans 5?

Adam

What are the three “sections” of Romans?

1-8 Theology, 9-11 Paul questions the implications of his theology for Israel, 12-16 Application

In “section two,” what is Paul’s major concern?

If God still has plans for Israel

Who does Paul use as an example of God’s hardening his heart for the sake of His salvific plans?

Pharaoh

What illustration does Paul use to talk about Gentile inclusion into Israel?

The olive tree

Who was emperor of Rome when Paul wrote Romans?

Nero

What are the Prison Epistles?

Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon