CSE10 2ndExam

System

Consists of entities that interact with each other to reach a goal. Made up of connected components that depend on one another and work together toward a common objective. Includes people, tools, materials, and procedures.

Manufacturing Plant

A system made up of machines, workers, conveyor belts, transport
equipment, and storage areas that work together to produce goods.

Bank / Personal-Service System

A service system with customers, tellers, ATMs, loan officers, and
service counters that provide banking services.

Distribution Network

A system of factories, warehouses, and transportation links used to
store and deliver products.

Hospital Emergency Facility

A system consisting of medical staff, emergency rooms,
equipment, supplies, and patient transport used to provide urgent
care.

Field Service Operation

A system where technicians travel to customers, using service
vehicles, tools, spare parts, and a central dispatch office.

Computer Network

A system of servers, computers, storage devices, printers, network
connections, and operators that process and share information.

Freeway or Traffic System

A system of roads, interchanges, traffic controls, and vehicles that
manage transportation flow

Insurance Claims Office

A system where documents are received, processed, filed, and sent
by people and machines.

Criminal Justice System

A system involving courts, judges, staff, law enforcement, offenders,
and legal schedules that administer justice.

Chemical Products Plant

A system with storage tanks, pipelines, reactors, and transport
vehicles used to manufacture and ship chemicals.

Fast Food Restaurant

A service system with workers, customers, kitchen equipment, and
supplies that prepares and serves food.

Supermarket

A system involving inventory control, checkout counters, staff, and
customer service for retail sales.

Theme Park

A system made up of rides, shops, restaurants, employees, guests,
and parking facilities designed for entertainment.

Emergency Response System

A system where emergency personnel, equipment, and procedures
respond to major disasters or catastrophic events.

Experiment with the Actual System

This type of experiment is often not practical because changing the
real system can be too expensive, risky, or disruptive.

Experiment with a Model of the System

Instead of experimenting with the real system, we usually build a
model that represents it. The model is used as a substitute to study
how the system behaves. However, it is important to check whether
the model accurately represents the real system, especially for
decision-making purposes.

Physical Model

A real, tangible representation of a system.
Examples include model cars tested in wind tunnels, flight
simulators for pilots, or miniature ships tested in water. These
models are not common in operations research, but they can be
useful in some cases, such as scale models of factories or even full-
size mock-ups of fast-food restaurants used for testing layouts and
operations.

Mathematical Model

Describes a system using mathematical
relationships. These models allow us to change values and see how the system responds.

Analytical Solution

Possible when a mathematical model is
simple enough to be solved exactly using formulas and basic
calculations.

Simulation

Is used for complex systems where analytical solutions are difficult or impractical. It involves running the model
repeatedly with different inputs to observe how the system
performs. Simulation is often the best approach for studying real-
world systems with many variables and uncertainties.

Single-server system

Is a simulation model where one server provides service
to arriving customers or entities one at a time.

Arrival

Customers arrive in the system.

Service

One server processes customers.

Departure

Customers leave after service.

Waiting time

Is the amount of time a customer or entity spends waiting in the
queue before service begins.

Queue length

Is the number of customers or entities waiting in line for service
at a given time.

Server utilization

Is the percentage of time the server is busy
serving customers.

System performance

Refers to how well the system operates based on measured results. It evaluates if the system is efficient or needs improvement.

Inventory System Simulation

Models how items are stored, used, replenished, and monitored
over time to ensure enough stock is available while minimizing
cost.