Asian Studies 101: Kilmer Final Exam Review (Earlier Topics)

Brahman

unknowable/unmanifest (lack of self consciousness

Atman

the soul (hinduism)

Karma

fruit of your actions (good or bad)

Samsara

transmigration of souls (reincarnation), atman is reborn into new body, and karma travels w atman

Dharma

duty, religion

maya

illusion. everything that isn't brahman (wealth, love, status, comfort, relationships)

karma

attaches to your atman (body)

bad karma

CAN be transferred to priests and gods, can be contagious, used to justify a person's social position

caste system

brahman, kshatriya, vaishya, sudra

brahmin

priests

kshatriya

warriors, kings

vaishya

merchants, landowners

sudra

commoners, peasants, servants

varna system

each individual category of the caste system

Siddhartha Guatama

born around 563 BCE

Siddhartha Guatama

member of kshatriya caste (warrior)

Siddhartha Guatama

born a hindu prince and father protected him from the world so he wanted to see it

four illusions of

Siddhartha Guatama

sick man, old man, corpse, renouncer

what did the four illusions show

Siddhartha Guatama

suffering and he wanted to find a way to change it

four noble truths

all existence is suffering, suffering caused by desire, possible to stop suffering, 8 fold paths lead to this possibility

li

ritual, propriety, the right way to do things

ren

human-heartedness, benevolence

xiao

filial piety

five relationships of xiao

parent - child, husband - wife, sibling - sibling, friend - friend, ruler - subject

confucian virtues

li, ren, xiao

the dao

unmanifest, state of perfect wholeness

the ten thousand things

manifest, everything in the world (humans, objects, society, etc.)

yin

female, dark, wet, cold, receiving, passive

yang

male, light, dry, hot, active, giving

mudang

korean woman shaman

god chooses.....

mudang and marks her w hardship

mudang has

an initiation ceremony to ensure that the gods will speak to her

Gut

ritual where mudang enters spirit world

gut

mudang seen as an entertainer, enters trance and the gods speak through her as a vessel

hmong culture

Originally from what's now China, Fled to Thailand, Fought for US army in Laos

txiv neeb

filipino shaman

poob plig

soul loss (can cause serious illness)

hu plig

txiv neeb goes to spirit world to retrieve soul (soul calling)

shaman of the sea

master kim, baeyeonshin-gut: ritual performed on top of boat to ask for abundant fishing, shows korean shamanism

split horn

documentary about a Hmong shaman immigrant living in Wisconsin and his struggle to keep his ancient traditions alive while his children are growing up in modern America

Zazen

zen meditation

Zazen

can be sitting but you can and should be in a state of zazen no matter what you're doing

koan

riddle used for meditation

koan purpose

to get you out of your rational mind, open to new ways of seeings

mind waves:

thoughts like a wave, let them go in and out, not getting upset as thoughts come in

mind weeds

be thankful for obstacles to meditation... pull them out and make into compost to nourish mind

transiency

that everything changes is the basic truth for each existence

shinto

belief that aspects of nature contain spirits

kami

invisible spirit or god, elements of nature- rock, river, sun

linh hon

soul (vietnamese)

gioi khac

the other world (vietnamese)

ancestor worship in vietnam

soul has consciousness and agency (exists after death) so family must preform rituals to send lin hon to gioi khac or soul becomes wandering ghost

Bayan as..... to Bayan as....

local community, nation

bayan as a local community to bayan as the nation

overseas workers seen as supporting the nation by contributing to economic development

bayanihan dance company seen

preserving Filipino culture for the good of the nation

symbolic bayanihan

moving a mini house in a Bayanihan Festival Race

prophet muhammad

founder of islam

prophet muhammad

wrote quran when he prayed in a cave near mecca and angel named Gabriel recite the words of God (he copied them down)

monotheism

one god

polytheism

multiple gods

islam is...

monotheistic

five pillars of islam

shahada, salat, zakat, sawn, hajj

hajj

pilgrimage to mecca

sawn

ritual fasting (during month of ramadan)

zakat

almsgiving or giving to the poor (system of taxation and redistribution of income), people disagree on exactly how much people should be paying or how much this should be calculatedt

salat

five daily prayers (pray in direction of mecca)

mecca

home place of muhammad

shahada

core belief of islam

there's only one god and god chose muhammad to be the messenger

shahada

adat

proper way to do things, relig. ceremonies, social interactions between people, informs laws and punishment of crimes, informs how to preform funerary rites

why u should follow adat

follows proper protocols and practices of adat then human society should run smoothly, people can interact with spirits and keep them happy

islamic revival

19th cent.

islamic revival

Muslims trimmed out adat from Islam (wanted to be as close to the prophet's teachings as possible)

islamic revival

Sought to remove Adat from cultural practice; creating a more "pure" form of Islam