biological basis: renal disease

exam 3 - renal disease

defie hypoxia

oxygen deficiency

what 2 functions does the kidney have

filter blood to remove waste, toxins, and excess fluids, and hormone synthesis

what 3 things contribute to hormone synthesis

renin, erythropoietin, and hormones that promote strong bones

how does the renin contribute to hormone synthesis

angiotensin system: controls water and salt reabsorption by kidneys & regulates bp

how does the erythropoietin contribute to hormone synthesis

stimulates productio of blood cells; produced by kidneys in response to tissue hypoxia

how do hormones that promote strong bones contribute to hormone synthesis

kidneys participate in conversion between vitamin D [hair and skin] and calcitriol (active form of vitamin D) [needed in the body]

is vitamin D or the active form of vitamin D needed in the body?

the active form, calcitriol

what is the unit of filtration in the kidney

nephron

what does each nephron have to filter blood

glomerulus

what population is chronic kidney disease common in

us adults; about 17% have

what risk factors are there for chronic kidney disease

high bp and diabetes

how can you keep your kidneys healthy

managing bg and bp

what are possible complications of CKD (chronic kidney disease)

• high bp

• inc risk of heart disease and stroke

• weak bones

• anemia

• kidney failure

  • loss of appetite

symptoms of CKD and depressive orders that overlap

fatigue, insomnia, chronic pain, anorexia, loss of libido, cognitive problems

define uremia

accumulation of toxic constituents in blood, occurs with severe kidney disease

what are the 5 stages of CKD

(loss of kidney function):

1.) normal-mild

2.) mild-moderate

3.) moderate-severe

4.) severe

5.) kidney failure (dialysis)

what are other causes of CKD

congenital birth defects, kidney stones, nephrotoxic drugs

prevention kidney disease

manage diabetes, lower high bp, stay hydrated, eat healthy & exercise, reduce salt intake, dont overuse NSAIDS

systolic bp

upper number; pressure through arteries when your heart contracts

diastolic bp

lower number; pressure through arteries between contractions

what does high bp cause

thickening of artery walls that makes it harder for blood to get to small vessels of body

can weaken artery walls and lead to aneurysms (abnormal bulge in wall) that can burst

what’s considered a normal bp

less than 120/80

what’s considered an elevated bp

120-129/less than 80

what’s considered a high bp (hypertension stage 1)

130-139/80-89

what’s considered high bp (hypertension stage 2)

> 140/ > 90

what’s considered hypertensive crisis

> 180/ > 120

hypertension is both a __ and __ of CKD

cause; consequence

what causes pharmaceutical drugs to be the most common causes of drug-induced renal injury

widespread use of NSAIDs

what are kidney stones and why do they form

solid pieces of material; high levels of certain minerals in urine

what are the symptoms of kidney stones

sharp pain, blood in urine, urine that looks cloudy

treatment for kidney stones

medical care to break up/remove stones

what type of kidney stone is most common

calcium

how to prevent calcium oxalate stones

Pair oxalate-rich foods with calcium-rich foods in the same meal so they bind together before it reaches kidneys

how to prevent uric acid stones

limit red meat, shellfish, alcohol, and sugar