Exercise physiology exam 2

What enzyme would tend to increase glycogenesis?

glycogen synthase

Which of the following would increase muscle glucose uptake?

insulin

muscular activity/exercise

What hormone would increase glycogenolysis in adipose tissue?

this process does not occur in this tissue

Which of the following would be associated with high PFK activity in the body?

increase in ADP

decrease in ATP

high intensity exercise

increased recruitment of IIX muscle fibers

decrease in citrate

What influences the rate of evaporation of sweat from the body during thermal stress?

amount of skin surface area exposed

temperature and relative humidity

convective wind currents around the body

What is true about high intensity exercise and insulin secretion?

high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to increase phosphorylase activity, which tends to increase carbohydrate use

high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to increase muscle glycogen breakdown

What enzyme promotes the breakdown of glycogen?

phosphorylase

What is true about high intensity exercise and epinephrine secretion?

high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase glycogenolysis

high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase glycogen breakdown

What is true about high intensity exercise and cytoplasmic calcium concentrations?

high intensity exercises increases cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, which increases muscle glycogen breakdown

high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, which increases glycogenolysis and increases carbohydrate use

What is true about high intensity exercise and the recruitment of fast twitch fibers?

high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use

What is true about moderate intensity exercise and muscle triglycerides?

moderate intensity exercise is associated with greater use of muscle triglyceride use than at very low intensities

What is true about the absolute number of fat calories burned at moderate intensities?

the absolute number of fat calories burned at moderate intensities may be equal or greater to the number of fat calories burned during low intensity exercise

What is true about circulating fuels during moderate intensity exercise?

during moderate intensity exercise a smaller percentage of calories comes from circulating fuels than during low intensity exercise

What is true about the amount of calories coming from intramuscular triglycerides when we change from low to moderate intensities?

the amount of calories coming from intramuscular triglycerides increases when we change from low to moderate intensity exercise

What hormone increases gluconeogenesis in adipose tissue?

this process doesn't occur in this tissue

What hormone increases glycogenesis?

insulin

What hormone would inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue?

insulin

What enzyme promotes breakdown of glucose to pyruvate?

PFK

Which of the following would be associated with low PFK activity in the body?

increase in citrate

low intensity exercise

decrease in ADP

increase in ATP

How does evaporative cooling keep skin temperature cool?

during exercise in a thermoneutral environment, core temps go up a bit, but evaporative cooling keeps skin temps relatively cool such that there is a large thermal gradient and good ability to transfer heat from the core to the skin

evaporation is responsible for most of the heat loss during exercise in humans

during exercise in a hot and humid environment, skin temps go up, which reduces the thermal gradient, decreases the ability to transfer heat from the core to the skin, and results in a significant increase in core temps

the part of the CNS that has the primary responsibility of monitoring body temp and maintaining it is the hypothalamus

Which hormones would tend to increase hepatic glucose output?

glucagon

norepinephrine

cortisol

epinephrine

What enzyme would tend to increase triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue?

hormone sensitive lipase

What hormone would tend to increase triglyceride stores in adipose tissue?

insulin

What hormones would tend to increase liver glygogenolysis?

epinephrine

glucagon

norepinephrine

Which hormones would tend to increase blood glucose?

glucagon

norepinephrine

growth hormone

epinephrine

cortisol

What hormone would tend to increase muscle glycogen storage?

insulin

Which of the following would be associated with less glycolysis in the body?

increase in citrate

increase in ATP

decrease in ADP

low intensity exercise

Which enzyme would tend to increase blood lactate if their activity increased?

PFK

phosphorylase

Which hormones would tend to increase blood lactate?

glucagon

epinephrine

What is the primary method for dissipating heat during exercise?

evaporation

Which hormone would increase glycogen storage in the muscle?

insulin

Which of the following hormones would tend to inhibit glucose uptake by adipose tissue and muscle (at rest)?

growth hormone

cortisol

Which of the following statements are true regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate

during moderate intensity exercise a smaller percentage of calories come from fats than during low intensity exercise

during moderate intensity exercise a smaller percentage of calories comes from circulating fuels than during low intensity exercise

high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, which increases the activity of phosphorylase, which increases carbohydrate use

high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calicum concentrations, which increaseses glycogenolysis

the absolute number of fat calories burned at moderate intensities may be equal or greater than the fat calories burned during low intensity exercise

high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase glycogen breakdown

high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase muscle glycogen breakdown

high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to increase muscle glycogenolysis

high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use

the amount of calories coming from intramuscular triglycerides increases when we change from low to moderate intensity exercise

higher intensities are associated with greater use of muscle glycogen than low intensities

moderate intensity exercise is associated with greater use of muscle triglyceride use than at very low intensities

higher intensities are associated with greater use of carbohydrates than low intensities

Which of the following are true about the effects of training on fuel substrate choice?

At a given intensity, a trained subject would rely more on fats than an untrained subject

after training, at a given submaximal intensity, a trained subject would secrete less epinephrine and glucagon, so there would be less stimulation of glycogenolysis, and thus less reliance on carbohydrates

training increases muscle mitochondrial content, which increases their ability to use fats

Which of the following are hormones that would tend to increase muscle glycogen breakdown?

epinephrine

glucagon

What enzyme would tend to increase storage of fatty acids as triglycerides in adipose tissue?

lipoprotein lipase

What enzyme would tend to increase circulating fatty acids?

hormone sensitive lipase

Which of the following would increase the number of GLUT4 transporters in the muscle cell membrane?

muscular activity/exercise

insulin

Which of the following hormones would increase gluconeogenesis in the liver?

norepinephrine

glucagon

cortisol

epinephrine

Which of the following would be associated with more glycolysis in the body?

decrease in citrate

increased recruitment of IIX muscle fibers

decrease in ATP

increase in ADP

What hormone would increase glycogenesis?

insulin

What enzyme would tend to increase the rate of glycogen breakdown?

phosphorylase

Wet and dry bulb have close temps

very humid

What enzyme promotes storage of glucose?

glycogen synthase

What enzyme promotes glycogenesis?

glycogen synthase

What blood glucose value falls in the normal fasting range?

80 mg%