Chapter 13 part 2: DNA technology

Genome

an organism’s complete set of DNA

Genomics

study of the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

quickly makes many copies of a gene segment

Thermocycler

used to copy a targeted gene in a small test tube

PCR mixture

DNA, primers, loose nucleotides, DNA polymerase: heat-stable DNA polymerase

Denaturation

heat mixture to 95 C—> breaks H bonds in DNA molecule—> new 2 single DNA strands

3 step cycle causes chain reaction to produce exponentially growing population of identical DNA molecules…

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

Annealing

cool to 50 C and primers stick to complementary places on target DNA

Extension

warm to 75 C to begin replication; DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides to 3’ end of primers and builds new strand using original DNA as template

Gel electrophoresis

filters DNA molecules based on size; molecule’s size determines how quickly it travels down a gel

How do the small fragments travel?

fastest and farthest

DNA sequencing

determining

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