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Breaking of Spartan Myth

The collapse of Spartan power after Lutra was sudden due to the breaking of the Spartan myth of invincibility.

Strategic Vision of Epaminondas

Epaminondas, the commander of the Theban forces, played a crucial role in turning the battle into a disaster for Sparta.

Theban Sacred Band

The prior training of the Theban sacred band contributed to the victory over the Spartans at Lutra.

Spartan Alliance Collapse

The defeat at Lutra in 371 BC led to the collapse of the Spartan alliance as allies deserted Sparta due to its damaged reputation.

Peloponnesian League

The Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta, faced internal resentment from allies who began to resent Spartan leadership over time.

Arcadian Cities

The refusal of Arcadian cities to support Sparta during the Theban invasion weakened Spartan military capabilities at a critical time.

Spartan Parioikoi

The collapse of Spartan reputation led to the loss of loyalty from many Spartan Parioikoi, free Spartans living in Spartan territories.

Tremlerts

Spartans who showed cowardice in battle, surviving a battle that Sparta lost, leading to suspicion and severe consequences.

Dissension in Sparta

Fear of civil strife among Spartans due to the punishment of Tremlerts, potentially leading to revolution and political instability.

Rebellion of 200 Men

Unreliable and worthless individuals in Sparta who mounted a short-lived rebellion during the Theban invasion, creating internal discord.

Aegeus Aelaus' Strategy

Aegeus Aelaus defused the rebellion by pretending the 200 men received false orders and redirecting them to another location, avoiding potential conflict.

Aegeus and Laos

Managed to diffuse a situation in Sparta to prevent open civil war by consulting with the EFORs and having rebels executed.

Epaminondas

The Theban commander who invaded Laconia in 370 BC with a large army, causing significant destruction and humiliation to Sparta.

Defensive Strategy

Adesilaus and Pericles adopted defensive strategies to avoid open field battles and protect their cities from overwhelming forces.

Internal Dissensions

Threatened rebellions among the Homoyoi and negative social pressures weakened Sparta internally during a time of crisis.

Social Divisions

Internal problems in Sparta surfaced after its sudden decline post-371, revealing social divisions that were more manageable during times of success.

Messenia

A territory where Epaminondas established a new city-state, Messenia, at Mount Athome, allowing inhabitants to join and creating a free and independent city-state.

Arcadian League

A confederation organized by Epaminondas in Arcadia, uniting different city-states against Sparta and establishing Megalopolis as the capital.

Second Battle of Mantinea

A significant battle in 362 BC where Thebans, along with some Arcadians, defeated the Spartans, reinforcing the lesson of Leuctra that Spartans tend to lose major hoplite confrontations.

Epaminondas

A Theban general who orchestrated the collapse of Spartan power through strategic moves in Messenia and Arcadia, weakening Sparta's supremacy permanently.

Spartan Decline

After the 360s, Sparta was crippled as a major power in Greece, never regaining its former dominance or leading united Greek armies, due to the actions of Epaminondas.

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