UTZ CE

Distance

Wavelength is a measure of?

Minimized refraction

Which is the resultant effect of refraction if the probe is positioned perpendicular to the object of interest?

Lactiferous ducts

Which of the ff. is observed during BREAST UTZ

20,000 Hz

Audible sound has an average frequency of?

B mode

2D UTZ images are known as

Thermal and Cavitational

The primary mechanisms that produce sound changes in cells and tissue are?

Echocardiography

Which of the ff. Is most sensitive and specific noninvasive method of diagnosing mitral stenosis

Hyperechoic/Echogenic

Tissue that produces a strong reflection is known as?

Air and Bone

UTZ is limited by acoustic barriers such as?

Piezo electric Effect

The conversion of Mechanical Oscillation and electrical signals

Higher density

Velocity of utz is faster in tissue of?

Air, Fat, Blood, Muscle, Bone

From slowest to fastest, Which of the ff. Properly sequences UTZ velocity in tissue

Subsonic

Sounds emitted with a frequency of 10Hz

smooth interface

Specular reflection occurs only in?

Velocity change

What causes refraction at the tissue interface?

Better resolution, Less penetration

If the UTZ has a high frequency transducer..

99.9%

During pulse echo imaging, approximately what percent of the time can transducers receive echoes?

Diaphragm

The mirror image artifact will most likely be observed near what organ?

Dead Zone

What is the name of the region near the skin where no useful echoes are obtained?

Only 4 is correct

UTZ transducers should..

1. Be autoclaved when used during surgery

2. Be autoclaved on a regular schedule

3. Be autoclaved when a sterile field is required

4. Not be autoclaved

Interference

When individual ultrasound waves are combined, the process is called?

TGC (Time Gain Compensation)

Which operator control varies echo amplitude as a function of depth in the patient?

Fluoroscopy

Real time UTZ is most in common with?

Differences in acoustic impedance

A necessary condition to produce UTZ echoes is?

It Decreases

When transducer frequency is reduced, what happens to the doppler shift frequency of moving tissue?

Colorflow

What type of UTZ imager has both real time and doppler capacity?

Slightly faster

Relative to soft tissue, the velocity of sound in the blood is approximately?

Resonance in air filled cavities

During real time imaging, the ring down artifact is a result of?

Reverberation

When two specular reflectors are close, the most likely artifact is?

Increasing transducer frequency

Which of the ff. is most likely to improve axial resolution?

Reflection

The greater the impedance difference between two structures, the greater the?

Reduce pulse duration

What is the purpose of damping materials in a transducer assembly?

Impedance difference between elements and the skin

The objective of the matching layer in the assembly of the UTZ transducer is to reduce the?

Oblique incidence and change of … speed

For refraction to occur which of the ff. must take place?

Continuous Wave Doppler

Which of the ff. Technique is used to separate the transmitter and receiver elements

1.3 cm

What is the normal diameter of the main portal vein and should not exceed?

Chronic Pancreatitis

A small hyperechoic pancreas is identified in UTZ, this is the most suspicious for which of the ff. abnormalities?

Seated(?)

Which of the ff. Patient position is used in thoracentesis?

black

What color always represents the baseline for color doppler imaging?

Impedance

Transmission of the sound wave from one medium to the next is determined by what media?

1 and 2

What are the advantages of neonatal cranial sonography over computed tomography?

1. Can be done in portable unit

2. No partial volume effect

3. No transducer artifact

4. No Bone interference

linear

Type of UTZ scanner that fires an array of transducers one at a time to create a rectangular image is called?

Pancreatic Duct

A patient presents with a history of elevated liver function test, anechoic tubular structures are identified on the body of the pancreas, these structures most likely represent what disease?

Adenoma

A patient presents with a palpable neck mass, a sonogram demonstrates an echogenic mass to the superior lobe of the right thyroid gland, a prominent hyperechoic ring surrounds this nodule, this mass is most suspicious for which of the ff. Neoplasms?

Strawberry Appearance

Congenital anomalies of the GB include all of the ff. Except

Impacted stone in the cystic duct

Which of the ff. Conditions associated with Mirizzi’s Syndrome?

Pancreas

A patient presents with a history of severe back pain, weight loss and painless jaundice. An abnormality with which of the ff. Organ is most likely to correlate with these symptoms?

Liver

A patient presents with a history of abdominal pain and lower extremity edema, an UTZ is requested to rule out Budd Chiari Syndrome, the sonographer should thoroughly evaluate which of the ff. Organs?

Biliary Sludge

Non-shadowing, low amplitude echoes layering in the independent portion of the Gallbladder describes the?

Parallel to the needle path

An UTZ visualization of a needle during an invasive procedure is attained in what plane?

Core Biopsy

Which of the ff. Invasive procedures remove a small piece of living tissues for microscopic examination?

Pseudoaneurysm

A patient with a recent history of angioplasty presents with a pulsatile inguinal mass. A fluid collection adjacent to the common femoral artery is identified. Color and Spectral doppler demonstrates turbulent blood flow within the fluid collection. On the basis of the clinical history the sonographic findings are most consistent with?

Fibroadenoma

A 25 year-old patient presents with a nontender palpable breast mass. A hypoechoic oval shaped mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is identified. At the basis of the clinical history the sonographic finding is most suspicious for?

20 mL

For the post void residual in a normal adult, Urinary bladder should not exceed?

Lazzaro Spallanzani

demonstrated that blind folded bats could navigate around

obstacles in the dark but bumped against them when their

mouths were covered (1794)

Daniel Lichtenstein

He calls ultrasound ‘the real stethoscope‘