Eng 25 Final

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

\-bricklaying

Joseph A. Schumpeter

Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (1942)

\-creative destruction

Shoshana Zuboff

In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power (1988)

\-smart machine

Joseph H. Boyett and Henry P. Conn

Workplace 2000 (1992)

Peter Senge

The Fifth Discipline (1990)

\-systems thinking

William H. Davidow and Michael S. Malone

The Virtual Corporation (1992)

Wendy Brown

What exactly is Neoliberalism? (2015)

Manuel Castells

Materials for an Exploratory Theory of the Network Society (2000)

John Perry Barlow

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace (1996)

Richard Barbrook & Andy Cameron

The California Ideology (1996)

Critical Art Ensemble

Electronic Civil Disobedience (1996)

Donna J. Haraway

A Cyborg Manifesto

Yin Liu

Ways of Reading, Models or Text, and the Usefulness of Dead People (2013)

Michael Witmore

Text: A Massively Addressable Object (2012)

Ted Underwood

Seven Ways Humanists are Using Computers to Understand Text (2015)

Ryan Heuser & Long Le-Khac

A Quantitative Literary History of 2,958 Nineteenth-Century British Novels: The Semantic Cohort Method (2012)

David M. Blei

Probabilistic Topic Models (2013)

Ted Underwood

Topic Modeling Made Just Simple Enough

Andrew Goldstone

“interpreting the topic model of Signs”

\-interface for exploring topic models

Lisa Samuels & Jerome J. McGann

Deformance and Interpretation (1999)

Mark Sample

Notes Towards A Deformed Humanities (2012)

Rosa Menkman

The Glitch Moment(um) (2012)

Principles of Scientific Management - general idea

\-Break down, record, and time each step

\-write out on card each step

\-new type of manager

Step 1 of Taylorism

Extract tacit knowledge from the workers and make it explicit

Step 2 of Taylorism

Optimize the sequence of task steps
-eliminate redundancy and wasteful effort

Step 3 of Taylorism

Document task-step sequence on paper & use the paperwork to instruct workers

Step 4 of Taylorism

Create a distributed management system
-eliminate gang boss

Fordism

Modern Manufacturing

\-ex: Ford Company

Ford Sociological Department

A section of the Ford company in the 1900's that followed workers around and reported on their behavior/conduct

Railway Companies

What was the first example of a Centrally Controlled Corporation?

Tenants of A Centrally Controlled Corporation

\-Centrally managed

\-Hierarchically structured

\-vertically integrated (CEO, middle management, line workers)

Who made the term "Smart Work"?

Shoshana Zuboff

Shoshana Zuboff's work

-interviewed workers in 18 firms
-the workers were worried about the bosses getting information on their work in real time

Wendy Brown's definition of neolib

a governing rationality through which everything is "economized" and in a very specific way

Wendy Brown's definition of neolib

-every field of activity is seen as a market
-every entity (whether public or private, whether person, business, or state) is governed as a firm

Network Society according to Manuel Castells

the social structure characteristic of the Information age

Manuel Castells

Whose article discussed the specific interaction b/w network morphology and relationships of production/consumption in the historical making of the emerging social structure at the turn of the Millennium

New Technological Paradigm (Manuel Castells)

centered around:

\-microelectronics

\-information/communication tech

\-genetic engineering

The New Economy according to Manuel Castells

\-Informational

\-Global

\-Networked

initiative and incentive idea

\-Fredrick Winslow Taylor

\-managers must give incentives for workers to reach their full working potential

According to Taylor, what does initiative come from?

Uniformity

Points of Taylor's Scientific Management

1. Managers are given more tasks/burdens
2. Equal division Of work between workman and manager

No changes have been made to bricklaying for how many years?

Hundreds

Who wanted to apply sci management to bricklaying?

Frank B. Gilbreth

Four elements of scientific management for bricklaying

1. Development of science of bricklaying with rules+standards (most interesting according to author)
2. Careful selection of bricklayers
3. Bringing work and science together through management
4. Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and management

According to Schumpeter, what is the main thing that sets/keeps capitalism?

New consumers, goods, new methods of production, transportation, new markets, new forms of industrial organization

Essential fact about capitalism. It's what capitalism consists in and what every capitalist concern has to live in

Creative Destruction

What was Alan's job his first summer of college?

Worked at a manufacturing firm for stockings called "Leggs". Worked the meta-glow graveyard shift putting egg tips on egg bottoms

What was Alan's second summer job?

Working at a giant bread factory "Arnold Bakeries"

What two ideologies set the paradise for a new way of industrial work?

Taylorism and Fordism

Facts about Taylor

1. Planned to go to Harvard until eyesight worsened
2. Began as a pattern maker and machinist
3. Joined miduale steel works as a bunch of things

According to Taylor, what type of system was used in early industrial times?

"Gang boss" system. Workers used tacit, traditional, apprenticed knowledge bc gang bods didn't have access/the knowledge

What's an example of the first step of scientific management?

John Hall's standard parts manufacturing of breech loaded musket, cheaper by the dozen, Taylor's bricklaying experiment

4 principles of scientific management (mediatization)

1. Extract tacit knowledge from workers
2. Optimise sequence of task steps
3. Document task-step sequence on paper and use paperwork to instruct workers
4. Create a distributed management system

What did fordism lead to?

The assembly line

What is the irony of mid 20th century corporations?

Dumb work was the smart work of the time

According to Zuhoff, what was one of the first control rooms converted to microprocessor based instrumentation?

Star Trek Suite

What's the largest pulp mill?

Piney Wood

What is the purpose of "In the Age of the Smart Machine" by Shoshona Zuhoff?

1. understand the deep structure of new choices made possible by tech and the historical, psychological, and organizational forces
2. vision of the future and a call for action to develop human potential for work organizations

Informate

Activities, events, objectives are translated and made more visible by information choices for the future and must come from living details of daily life

What are the tools/ideas presented in Peter Senge's "the fifth discipline"

To destroy the illusion that the world is created of separate, unrelated forces. Learning organizations are possible because it is in our nature

According to Wendy Brown, what does Neoliberalism do above all?

Casts people as human capital who must constantly tend to their own present/future value

In Timothy Shenk's interview, who does he talk about?

Wendy Brown's "undoing the Demos.."

According to Shenk, why is neoliberalism a threat to democracy?

It switches meanings of democratic values from a political to an economic register

What does Focault say about neoliberalism?

It's a reprogramming of liberalism

Why does Brown criticize what Focault says about neoliberalism?

He doesn't acknowledge her points and has gaps in account of neoliberalism

Why was Focault attracted to neoliberalism?

For its "emancipatory" dimensions

What does brown say democracy has been reduced to?

Personal liberties

What does Manuel Castells propose in "Materials for an Exploratory Theory of Network Society"

Elements for a grounded theory of the network society

What is Network Society?

Social structure and characteristics of the Info age

According to Castells, what are social structures organized around?

Relationships of production/consumption and power and experience

According to Castells, what is the Information Age?

Reliance on network as a key feature of social morphology

Who is considered to be a second Taylor?

Peter Drucker

What does Drucker create?

New efficiency and organizations for knowledge workers

When does information technology take a star role?

Post industrial times, after 20th century

What are the 6 Post Industrial Work premised?

1. Business is life
2. Business is change
3. Business is knowledge
4. Knowledge work= IT work
5. Knowledge work= IT work= downsizing
6. Knowledge work + IT work = re-engineering

What is business change driven by?

Globalism

What do "Maintainers" say?

We don't care enough about "carers"/ people who keep things going

What century was the rise of knowledge work?

20th century

Key aspects of rise of knowledge work?

1. Service work increased more than manufacturing
2. A "new class" comes into dominance
3. Management tasks are increasingly pushed down the ranks

People are always learning to learn together which causes a mind shift

Peter Senge "The Fifth Discipline"

What is the productivity paradox?

When computers come into workplace, people don't know what to do with them at first in the 1990s but then in 2000s productivity booms, then in 2010 is goes down again

Who is John Perry Barlow addressing in "A Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace"

Governments of the industrial world as coming from cyberspace which is the new home of the mind from the future

True or false? Barlow says there's no give in global social space

True

What does cyberspace consist of according to Barlow?

Transactions, relationship, and thought. Creating its own social contract

What is Barlow's article signed?

Davos, Switzerland Feb 8 1996

What is the Jodi Art collective?

Collective of two artists Joan Heenskerk and Dirk Pacsmans who created some of the first web art

What was Jodi Art's 5 word acceptance speech after receiving a webby award?

"Ugly, commercial sons of bitches"

Above all, what is the Californian Ideology according to Barbrook and Cameron?

The Cali new left combined with political struggles with cultural rebellion

What is the Cali Ideology an alliance of?

Writers, hackers, capitalists and artists

According to Barbrook and Cameroon, who were the west coast radicals influenced by?

McLuhan's predictions that cyberspace would happen/living in cyberspace

Who does the Cali ideology believe in?

New Left and New right

What was Mintel?

The first successful online network in the world. Created by France

In "Electronic Civil Disobedience" where does the CAE segue modern power is?

Flows through the electronic exchange of information

What does the CAE say the most effective method of protest is?

Electronic civil disobedience.

What is the CAE's critique of political activists and hackers?

They only know things about their own specific field

What are Cyber NGOS

Non-gov. orgs or Third sec orgs such as Greenpeace, Sierra Club, etc

Beginning in the 80s, what did Cyber NGOs make their core agenda?

\-social justice

\-access to information for social justice groups

Free Software Movement

a political and social movement that promotes free software, including the ability to run, study, modify, and redistribute the software in any way desired by the user

open software movement

People use open code to create closed outlets and make profit from them