AP Bio - Unit 5: Heredity (overview)

Mendelian inheritance

Mendelian inheritance

autosomal dominant/recessive, rarest time of inheritance, doesnt involve sex cells, dicovered by Gregor Mendel

Law of segregation

during production of gametes, the alleles separate so that the offspring only acquire one of the alleles

Law of independent assortment

use probability to solve di-hybrid and poly-hybrid cross problems only if they DONT influence each other

Phenotype vs Genotype

Phenotype is a physical trait, Genotype is an allele/gene

Test cross

a method to determine the genotype of an organism that shows a phenotypically dominant trait

poly genetic inheritence

primary type of inheritance, phenotypes produced by interaction of more than one gene (height, hair color)

incomplete dominance

“blending”, heterzygotes show intermediate expression

e.g.

T = normal

D = defective

TT = normal TD = mild symptoms DD = extreme

co dominance

both alleles are expressed e.g. blood type

sex-linked genes

phenotypic expression base don sex chromosomes

pedigree

family tree that shows inheritance

ways to determine inheritance from pedigree

skips generation = recessive

every generation = dominant

father →son = y-linked

mainly male = x-linked recessive

linked genes

genes on the same chromosome, DONT CONFUSE WITH SEX-LINKED

recombinant frequency

nonparental phenotype total/total, gives you the space between two genes on a chromosome