a society’s categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, and social status
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property
wealth; what a person owns
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wealth
value of a person’s property and income (what they own)
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income
incoming wages from a job, rent, interest, or royalties
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power elite
a closely knit alliance of military, government, and corporate officials perceived as the center of wealth and political power in the US
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status consistency
people with similar levels of power, property, and prestige
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status inconsistency
people with varying levels of power, property, and prestige
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status
responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society
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age stratification
members of a society are stratified by age just as they are stratified by race
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race stratification
refers to a society’s categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power
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social security
any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income
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age and aging social stratification
social construction because of biological changes, biographical events, gender age, and cultural timetables
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biological changes
wrinkles, graying, health issues
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biographical events
becoming a grandparent early in life, having poor health
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gender age
value a culture places on men and women’s ages
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cultural timetables
markers of old age, such as birthdays or retirement
thinks that age is a social construct, goes by 4 factors of OLD: biological changes, biographical events, gender age, and cultural timetables
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functionalist perspective
how retirement affects society in different theories: disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory
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disengagement theory
pass the torch to the next generation
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activity theory
keeping busy makes life satisfying
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continuity theory
the more roles a person has, the more continuity will be experienced in retirement
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conflict perspective
the old and the young struggle for limited resources. the power elite exploit the less privileged through programs like social security. aging impacts roles and genders different (ex: women live longer than men.)
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race and gender (scientific examples)
in the chart, hispanic people have the longest average lifespan, and black people have the shortest. Due to the population of hispanic people in the workforce, where they are subject to physical labor as opposed to white people who may struggle more with obesity and late life health issues; gender, women live longer bc they may be caretakers for their spouses and are more likely to be poor
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challenges facing aging population
less percentage of people in the workforce, top heavy economy, large amount of people on social security, and healthcare concerns
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5 stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
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denial
characterized by the person not wanting to believe their dying, with common thoughts like “i feel fine,” or “this isn’t real.”
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anger
when loss of life is seen as unfair or unjust
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bargaining
trying to negotiate with a higher power to postpone the inevitable by reforming or changing the way they live
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depresion
allows for resignation as the situation begins to seem hopeless
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acceptance
the person can face death honestly, by regarding it as a natural and inevitable part of life.
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intergenerational social mobility
changes in a family’s social class from one generation to the next
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upward social mobility
moving to a higher social class
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downward social mobility
moving to a lower social class
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structural social mobility
society changes, causing a shift in structure
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exchange social mobility
so many people are moving up and down the class ladder that the structure shows little change
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upper class health
have time to stay fit and can afford the best health care
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middle class health
generally have personal physicians and typically have healthcare provided through work
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lower class health
higher chance of early death and often cannot afford any type of healthcare
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upper class consumption
does not care about money spent because they have so much
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middle class consumption
homes and cars and expensive items are a symbol of achievement
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lower class consumption
work is used to purchase enjoyment; leisure items are very important to them
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upper class parenting
focus on how they represent the family and typically outsource the day to day parenting
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middle class parenting
focus on creativity and typically have verbal punishments and reprimanding
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lower class parenting
focus on obedience; use physical punishment; let children develop naturally
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upper class education
send kids to exclusive private schools, ivy league
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middle class education
preschool and attending college is important; doing well in all levels of school is stressed
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lower class education
obedience in school is important; “street smarts” is often more cared about than “book smarts”
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upper class religion
high church episcopalian
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middle class religion
middle church; methodius
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lower class religion
baptist or pentecostal; show faith through loud music
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upper and middle class crime
white collar crime often dealt with outside the justice system
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lower class crime
street crime dealt with by criminal justice system; often ends in jailtime
Studied by 62 people
