Anatomy II: Chapter 21 pt 3

What is the third line of defense in the immune system?

Adaptive (specific) defenses

What does the humoral immune response involve?

B cells and antibodies

Where does the first encounter between an antigen and a naive lymphocyte usually occur?

Spleen or lymph nodes

What happens when a B cell encounters its specific antigen?

It undergoes clonal selection

Which cells produce antibodies?

Plasma cells

What is the primary function of memory B cells?

Provide immunological memory

How long does it take for the primary immune response to reach peak antibody levels?

10 days

What is the purpose of antibodies?

Inactivate and tag antigens for destruction

What is the secondary immune response?

The response of memory cells to a previously encountered antigen

How long can memory cells last?

20 years or more

What is an example of naturally acquired active immunity?

A bacterial infection

What type of immunity is provided by a vaccine?

Artificial active immunity

What is an example of passive immunity?

Receiving antibodies from breast milk

What are antibodies also called?

Immunoglobulins

Which antibody is the first to be produced during an immune response?

IgM

What does the term 'MADGE' help to remember?

Five classes of antibodies

What is the main function of IgG antibodies?

Provide long-term immunity

Which antibody is involved in allergic reactions?

IgE

What is the function of neutralization by antibodies?

Blocking antigen binding sites

What is the function of agglutination?

Causes cells to clump together for easier destruction

What is the process in which antibodies bind to soluble antigens, forming immune complexes that settle out of solution?

Precipitation

Complement fixation leads to:

Direct lysis of the pathogen

What type of immunity does an antivenom provide?

Artificial passive

What is a key advantage of passive immunity?

Immediate but short-term protection

What happens during a primary immune response?

B cells proliferate after a lag period

What happens in a secondary immune response?

Antibody levels rise quickly and are higher than before

Which antibody crosses the placenta?

IgG

What type of cells are primarily responsible for the humoral immune response?

B cells

Which antibody is found in secretions like saliva and tears?

IgA

What type of immunity is achieved through exposure to a pathogen?

Natural active

What is the term for a substance that triggers an immune response?

Antigen

What does a booster shot do?

Extends immunity against a pathogen

What do monoclonal antibodies do?

Are used for research and medical treatments

Which of the following is an example of artificial active immunity?

A tetanus vaccine

IgM

First responder, main antibody in primary immune response

IgA

Found in mucosal areas, like saliva, tears, and breast milk

IgD

Helps B cell activation, not well understood

IgG

Most abundant, crosses the placenta for baby immunity

IgE

Involved in allergic reactions and fights parasites