Understanding Helper T Cells and Cytokines

This set of flashcards covers important concepts related to helper T cells, their cytokines, transcription factors, and functions in the immune response.

Naive CD4 + T cell

The initial form of helper T cells that can differentiate into various subsets upon activation.

Th-polarizing cytokines

Cytokines that influence the differentiation of naïve T cells into specific helper T cell subsets.

T-bet

A transcription factor important for the differentiation of Th1 cells.

GATA3

A transcription factor that directs the development of Th2 cells.

ROR-γt

A transcription factor that plays a key role in the formation of Th17 cells.

FoxP3

A transcription factor crucial for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Effector cytokines

Cytokines produced by activated T cells that mediate their immune functions.

Th1 cells

A subset of T helper cells that produce cytokines like IFN-γ, promoting cell-mediated immunity.

Th2 cells

A subset of T helper cells that secrete cytokines like IL-4 and IL-5, enhancing antibody production.

Th17 cells

A subset of T helper cells that produce IL-17, involved in inflammatory responses.

Tregs (regulatory T cells)

A subset of T cells that help maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmune responses.

Increased inflammation

A result of the activation of Th1 and Th17 responses.

Decreased inflammation

A function of Tregs and Th2 responses, helping to modulate immune activity.