resources of the lithosphere

2 types of resources

raw material, sources of energy

raw materials two types

ores, other useful rocks

ores def

minerals from which the needed metal can be removed easily-only worth it to remove if there are high enough amounts in it, based on the type of metal

ores that form around 1000°C

iron, nickel, platinum

ores that form above 500°C

Uranium, Th Sn C

ores that form above 300-350°C

Au(Gold) Ag(Silver) CU, Zn, Pb

other useful rocks

sand, clay, limestone, basalt, andesite, marble, granite, salts, gemstones

sand use

construction, glass, making chips

clay

pottery, kaolin(china)

limstone

cement

basalt, andesite

construction(railways, old roads)

marble

ornamental stone

granite

ornamental stone

salts

rock salt-chemical industry, potassium salt-fertilizer, chemical industry

gemstones

jewellery

sources of enrergy(fossil fuels) 2 types

petroleum and natural gas, coal

how petroleum and natural gas came to be

zoo plankton dies-sink to sea bottom- sediments(takes time, no Oˇ2, pressure) transformed into hydrocarbons

where petroleum and natural gas

oil trap(drawing)

coal

solid fuel, ancient plant material sedimented (takes time, no Oˇ2 and pressure) into coal, mainly carboniferous period

steps of coalification

peat, lignite, brown coal, black coal, anthracite(gets darker, harder and increased in heat value during each step)