H US 1 Final

The states and people are still divided during the war and even during the war the \_______ of the states and people is still one of the greatest factors affecting the Revolution.

Disunity

During the Revolutionary times it was patriot vs. loyalist, what is it today? \_________ vs. \_________

Republican vs. Democrat

Other countries saw America as these three words all beginning with D(3 D's).

Discombobulated, Disorganized, and Disunified

Following the war, the country and citizens will be in so much of this because they have to pay for the war and inflation is occuring at the same time.

Debt

Was the average American in more debt before or after the war?

After

The US government is in debt to this place dating back to the colonial times of America.

Britain

The US government is in debt to these two places for their financial and miltary help during the war.

France and Spain

The US government is in debt to thes people because they lent money to the government for the war.

The American people

Though Britain lost its 13 colonies in North America, they are still a strong what?

Empire

Following the war Britain dumps what onto America and sells them for low prices?

Surplus of goods

Why is new American manufacturing unable to compete with Britain?

Britain's prices are so low

What laws does Britain continue to enforce to control trade?

Navigation Laws

Spain, wanting to be paid back for the money they lent the US for the war, shuts off access to America from these two major entries causing America's trade enterprise to lose tons of money.

Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River

The relationship between the US and this country will come to a halt until this country is paid back for their military and financial help.

France

Name threeAmerican leaders that will 'steer the ship' in the right direction.

George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

Who/What summons the states to create brand new state constitutions?

Continental Congress

New state constitutions will be based off of this type of government where the government will derive their power from the consent of the people.

Republicanism

This will come from the consent of the people and there will be no kings in any capacity.

Government Authority

The new Constitutions were written documents for all to follow and could not be ignored by who?

The state leaders

To protect people's individual rights from an overbearing government(tyrannical), each state Constitution will include what?

A Bill of Rights

Each state Constitution called for the what of each state legislature?

Annual election

What two branches of government were deliberately made weak by the new state Constitutions?

-Executive Branch(scared of another king)
-Judicial Branch(still have thoughts of admiralty courts)

The state Constitutions pushed for what branch to have all he power?

Legislative Branch

Many new state capitals will relocate where to reflect the growing power and influence of the western territories?(Savannah, GA \> Augusta, GA)

West

The first national government of the United States

The Articles of Confederation

Who created the Articles of Confederation?

The Second Continental Congress

Though the Articles were created during the war in 1777, it was not ratified until when?

1781

States did not want to ratify the articles immediately because of the amount of disagreement over what?

Land

What states claimed a lot of the land in the west and Borderlands?

Virginia and New York

What states felt shortchanged during the land dispute?

Pennsylvania and Maryland

What will happen when all the states agree to give their claims to land to the national government?

All 13 states will ratify the Articles of Confederation

A problem under the Articles of Confederation was that though all the states had three branches of government, the natinal government only had how many?

One branch(Legislative)

A problem under the Articles of Confederation was that every state, regardless of population, had how many votes in congress?

One vote

A problem under the Articles of Confederation was that all laws required a minimum of how many states to agree?

Nine states

A problem under the Articles of Confederation was that any and all amendments to the government required how many states to agree?

All 13 states

How many amendments were passed under the Articles of Confederation?

None

A problem under the Articles of Confederation was that Congress was weak by design and who/what will have all the power?

The states will have all power

One of the two major weaknesses of Congress was that the national government could tax states, but couldn't what?

Make the states pay the tax

One of the two major weaknesses of Congress was that the national government couldn't regulate what amongst the states?

Trade

Although under the Articles of Confederation, Congress(National Government) was weak, it did serve as a what to the creation of the Constitution(Chances are that the states would have never agreed to the Constitution had it not originally had the Articles of Federation first)?

"Stepping Stone"

A power given to the National Government (Congress) under the Articles of Confederation was to conduct what?

Foreign affairs

A power given to the National Government (Congress) under the Articles of Confederation was the ability to negotiate what with the
native Americans?

Treaties

A power given to the National Government (Congress) under the Articles of Confederation was the ability to sell what land?

Western Land

What was western land known as?

Northwest Territory

A law created by Congress to sell the land in the Northwest Territory.

Land Ordinance of 1785

How was the land sold in the Northwest Territory?

A very efficient pattern, almost grid-like

How the land in the Northwest Territory will be governed.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

In order for a northwest territory to become a state it needed a minimum population of how many people?

What will be banned in the Northwest Territory?

Slavery

There was an "attempt" under the Northwest Ordinance to protect who?

Native Americans and their land

An example of an economic problem in the states was that states and who were in debt?

The people

An example of an economic problem in the states was that there were many debates about what between the states?

Border and trade debates

An example of an economic problem in the states was that states were doing what with money?

Printing their own money

Whom started shays rebellion?

Farmers in western Massachusetts who were mostly veterans and in debt

Shays' Rebellion was started because the farmers were losing their land and property because they can't pay what?

Taxes and mortgages

Who speciffically started Shays' Rebellion?

Daniel Shays

What was the goal of Shays' Rebellion?

Stop the government from taking their property away

The farmers were tired of seeing who lose their land?

Veterans of the Revolution

With the help of wealthy citizens who helped to pay for defense, who crushed the rebellion?

Massachusetts Government

Daniel Shays was sentenced to death, but receives a what?

Pardon

Shays' Rebellion put fear into the eyes of the wealthy landowners who are now afraid of what?

Not being able to take down future rebellions

This fear of not being able to take down future rebellions made a lot of people start really thinking about doing what to the national government?

Strengthening it

A Convention of what convenes in Philadelphia?

"Demi-gods"

Initially a convention was held where, but only 5 states showed up?

Annapolis, Maryland

According to Congress, what was the purpose of the Constitutionl Convention(Federal Convention)?

To revise the Articles of Federation

Delegates will end up throwing away the Articles of Confederation and create a brand new government known as what?

The Constitution

How many states attended the Constitutional Convention?

12 states

Who didn't show up to the convention because they were enjoying equality and knew changing the Articles of Confederation would make them lose that equality?

Rhode Island

Why was this Convention held in secrecy?

Delegates did not want outside influence

The delegates of the Constitutional Convention loved the idea of what?

Free debate and the ability to speak freely

Name two prominent delegates of the Constitutional Convention.

Washington(President), Franklin(elder statesman), Hamilton, Madison(Father of the Constitution)

Name two prominent men not present at the Constitutional Convention.

John Adams, Sam Adams, Hancock, Jefferson

Name three characteristics that the 55 delegates all mostly shared.

-white males
-wealthy merchants
-more conservative
-*most were influential in making their home states Constitutions*

Who/What was the 56th delegate?

Fear

Who was in the minds of every delgate at the convention?

Daniel Shays

Who is significant to the Virginia Plan?

James Madison

Who is significant to the New Jersey Plan?

William Patterson

-Large States Plan
-bicameral legislature(Congress)
-House of Representatives
-Senate
-number of members based on population

Virginia Plan

-small states
-unicameral congress
-House of Representatives
-number of members for each state based on equality

New Jersey Plan

-bicameral legislature(Congress)
-House of Representatives based on state's population
-Senate based on equality

The Great Compromise

-Power to appoint judges
-Power to veto laws passed by congress
-Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces

Powers given to the Executive Branch(the president)

-Power to make laws
-Power to declare war
-Power to impeach presidents and judges

Powers given to the Legislative Branch(Congress)

Slaves will count as ⅗ of a person when it comes to population

Three-Fifths Compromise

Who threatened to leave if there was no compromise made over slaves?

Southern states

What will not end until 1807(20 years later) though they made plans to do so earlier?

Slave Trade

Delegates agree to protect people's what?

Private property

Delegates will establish what to prevent inflation?

A stable currency

Delegates agree that they need a stronger national government and want what?

Three Branches of Government

What right is still not had by everyone?

The right to vote

To vote you must own what?

Property

Who still has no rights?

Women

Federal judges were appointed for how long?

For life

Who will directly elect the President

The electoral college

Delegates did not want to give to much power to the people when it came o what?

Electing the president

Who approved judges appointed by the president?

Senate

Initially only who will be elected directly by the people of state?

House of Representatives

How many delegates sign the Constitution?

39 delegates

How many states will need to ratify the Constitutionbefore it takes effect?

9 states

How many states will eventually ratify the Constitution?

All 13 states will ratify

-Against the Constitution
-Wanted the states to maintain the most power instead of a national government
-Common people and the poorer class where many were in debt
-Lived mostly in the west and backcountry
-Wanted a Bill of Rights included in the Constitution

Anti-federalists