Comptia Network+ N10-009

Network

two or more connected computers that share resources such as data, applications, office machines, and/or internet connection

Binary code

the format in which computers transfer data (through binary numbers: 0 and 1)

Local Area Network (LAN)

a network that is restricted to a particular geographic location such as an office building, department, or home office

Workgroup

the smaller logical zones in a LAN; typically found on big LANs

Workstations

powerful computers that use more than one CPU and whose resources are available to other users on a network; are used by end users

servers

highly specialized and powerful computers that handle serves typically one function to a network; not used directly by an end user

File server

stores and dispenses files

Mail server

device that handles email functions

Print server

manages printers on the network

Web server

manages web-based activities through HTTP(S)

Fax server

sends and receives paperless faxes over the network

Application server

manages network applications

Telephony server

handles call center and call routing

Proxy server

handles tasks in place of other machines on the network

Database server

hosts databases for the network

Hosts

any device on the network that has an IP address, including network devices, workstations, servers, etc

Metropolitan area network (MAN)

a network covering a metropolitan area used to interconnect various buildings and facilities usually over a carrier provider network

Wide area network (WAN)

a network that spans a large geographic area and/or links separated locations; tends to connect LANS

Distributed WAN

a WAN that consists of a very very large amount of interconnected computers and LANs across a very large geographic area

Centralzied WAN

A WAN that’s composed of a main, central location or computer that remote computers and locations can connect to

Personal Area Network (PAN)

small network used for close proximity connections; tends to be wireless and uses Bluetooth, infrared, or ZigBee

Campus Area Network (CAN)

a network that covers a limited geographical network such as a college or corporate campus

Storage Area Network (SAN)

a network designed for and used by storage systems, and do not mix traffic with other LANs; protocols include Fibre Channel iSCSI; uses specialized networking hardware

Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)

WAN that is on a virtual architecture defined by software or applications; integrates MPLS, LTE, and broadband internet service transport architectures; can make changes to in real time

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)

a WAN protocol that acts as a switching mechanism that imposes labels (number form) to data and uses those labels to forward data when it arrives to the MPLS network; based on virtual links, allows for prioritizing data, and allows multiple paths for data forwarding

Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE)

a protocol that refers to a carrier or service provider offering that dynamically creates and terminates connections to nodes on a network; used in Dynamic Mutlipoint VPN deployments

Peer-to-peer network

does not any central or special authority; security checks are performed by the device/host

Client-Server networks

a network that has a central or specialized authority; security checks and authorization are managed centrally

Bus topology

a topology that consists of two distinct and terminated ends, with each of its computers connections to one unbroken cable; uses wire taps to connect each computer

Star topology

a topology that consists of one central point (typically a switch or a hub) with devices connected off of it; also called hub and spoke; connected wired or wirelessly

Ring topology

a type of topology where each computer is connected to other computers in a circular manner

Mesh topology

a topology where each computer is connected directly to every other computer

Partial Mesh topology

similar to a mesh topology but only some computers are connected to every other computer

Point-to-point topology

a topology with direct connections between two routers or switches, with one communication path

Point-to-mutlipoint topology

a topology with a succession of connections between an interface on one router and multiple destination router

Hybrid Topology

a topology with characteristics of one or more other topologies

Network backbone

connects the segments in a network; provides overall connection throughout the network

Network segments

a small section of the network that may be connected to, but is not part of, the backbone

Demarcation point

a service entry point into a network

Smart jack

a piece of equipment that can run diagnostics on a network; is connected to the demarcation point

Digital subscriber lines (DSL)

provides last-hop, high-spped digital services toa home or business

Leased line

a line in a network that are dedicated only to the customer’s use

vSwitch

a virtualized switch implemented by software for virtual networking

vNIC

a NIC implemented through software instead of hardware to be used in a virtual network

Three-Tiered model

a model for a network designed by Cisco consisting of three layers: core, distribution, and access

Core Layer

The top part of the three tiered model; considered the backbone of the network with connectivity between WANs and has high availability with routing and switching for the entire network

Distribution Layer

the middle layer of the three tiered model; referred to as the work group or aggregation layer; allows for connectivity to multiple access layer switches and consists of the control plane, and where packet filtering, security policies, routing between VLANs, and defining of broadcast domains are performed

Access Layer

the bottom layer of the three tiered model; referred to as the edge switching layer and connects to the end user hosts; provides local switching, creation of collision domains, quality of service (QoS), power over ethernet (PoE), and security; designed for access to the network

Spine and Leaf

referred to as a CLOS network; creates a two tier circuit switched network meant to fit better with virtualization

Collasped-core model

a network backbone where hosts have to enter the backbone to reach any resources

North-South traffic flow

where traffic enters and leaves the internal network; where data flows to and from the network and the internet

East-west traffic flow

network traffic that travels internally throughout the network from host to host

Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

The layers of the OSI model (bottom to top, separated with commas)

Open Systems Interconnection reference model

created to help vendors create network devices and software in a manner so that protocols and standards could be made; helped make networks compatible

reference model

conceptual blueprint of how communications should take place

layered architecture

a communication system where the processes for effective communication are divided into logical groupings (layers)

Application, presentation, session

Top layers of the OSI model

Upper OSI layers

defines how applications within host machine communicate as well with end users

Transport, Network, Data link, Physical

the bottom layers of the OSI model

Lower OSI layers

defines how actual data is transmitted from end to end

Coaxial, Twisted-pair, fiber optic

Types of physical media