CSET Multiple Subject subtest 1

Language written response possible answers

trouble with e:

Needs instruction on silent ending 'e', word sorting, exposure to print that includes 'e' words

3 Immigrant Groups in California that contributed economically, socially, culturally, or politically?

Latino- economically agriculture and labor in oil, politically changed politics of california. They are an important voting block.

Indians/East and South Asian immigrants- Contributed to tech industry in silicon valley

African Americans- social impact they are migrants who moved to california. Fight for civil rights and faced discrimination

3 Principles of the US Constitution

1. Bill of Rights. Gave people rights they deserve, declares america have individual rights ( the freedom of speech, protest, bear arms)

2. Reason. People have power, it is no longer the king or monarchy there is democracy now

3. Checks and Balances. 3 branches of government, divide the power, share power, reduce possibility of abuse

Causes for the fall of the Roman Empire

1. Intermediate cause was continuous barbaric invasion

2. Internal factors included political instability, decreasing farm production, inflation, excessive taxation, decline of military

3. rise of Christianity divided population

Fuedalism in the middle ages

There were no formal countries, but the fiefdom held economic and political power

What was necessary for the Industrial Revolution to begin in England?

-Existence of large quantities of coal and iron

-rapid increase in the English middle class

-large supply of cheap labor

The Octopus: A California Story (1901), by Frank Norris, vividly describes the negative impact of monopolies on the lives of many California citizens. Which one of the following industries was the focus of The Octopus?

The Railroad Industry

Shang Dynasty (China)

(1650 - 1027 BCE) Considered to be the earliest dynasty in China. A major contribution to Chinese culture was an advanced system of writing

-Ceramics made from jade

-Government was a Monarchy

-Religion was Polytheistic

Ch'in (Qin) Dynasty

(221-207 BC)The dynasty that gives China its name. Most remarkable achievement was the construction of the Great Wall.

the Qin instituted an authoritarian government; they standardized the writing system, measurements of length and weight and the width of highways, abolished all feudal privileges.

Tang Dynasty

(618-907 BC) used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system.

-Practice of Buddhism

-invented gunpowder, waterproofing, fireproofing, gas stoves, and air conditioning.

Confucianism

-The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

-rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation and self-creation.

Silk Road

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.

Homophone

a word that is pronounced the same as another word but is different in meaning or spelling

dear deer

diction

word choice

World War 1

first global conflict, sometimes called the Great War, which was fought between 1914 and 1918

World War I began after the assassination of Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand

World War 2

1939-1945 A global military conflict which involved a majority of the worlds nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the allies and the axis; The United States joined WW2 after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. (japan)

-Hitler invaded Poland

Impact of WWII

Economic:

-Aircraft and shipbuilding industries boomed with defense work

-Film industry increased population (propaganda of war movies)

Social:

-Tensions of war and rising immigration affected race relations

-Forced detention of Japanese and Japanese Americans, and forced to sell homes/businesses

Demographic:

-New wave of migration and population boom

3 Factors that inhibit language acquisition during early to middle childhood

1. Mental Growth

2. Emotional Growth

3. Social Growth

Mental Growth

As children grow mentally, they expand their ability to retain information. If this mental growth is slowed, words could be more difficult to learn and memorize

Emotional Growth

As children come in touch with expressing their feelings, their language usually expands. If a child has inhibitions (restraint) or emotional problems, this could slow their need or will to acquire language.

Social Growth

As children learn to interact with other children, additional language becomes necessary. If this social growth is slowed, and there is less interest or exchange, language growth may be inhibited.

Two techniques to make a short story more interesting

1. Flashback

2. Foreshadowing

Flashback

A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events

Foreshadowing

A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader. Link seemingly minor details to important events developed later in the story

Stages of Reading Development

-The emergent reader

-The beginning reader

-The fluent reader

-The remedial reader

The Emergent Reader (Pre-Alphabetic Phase)

Early childhood to Pre-K. Beginning of awareness that text progresses from left to right. Children scribble, recognize visual clues in environmental print. They begin phonemic awareness, observe pretending to read

The Beginning Reader (Early Alphabetic Phase)

K to Third Grade - Letters are associated with sounds. Children begin to read simple CVC words (mat, sun, pin). They usually represent sounds and later spell with the first and last consonant ex. CT for cat.

Children now rhyme

CVC

consonant vowel consonant. a three-letter word that follows the spelling pattern of a consonant, vowel, consonant.

The Fluent Reader

Fourth to Eighth Grade.

ABILITY TO READ QUICKLY, ACCURATELY, SMOOTHLY, AND WITH EXPRESSION.

ALSO DEPENDS ON ABILITY TO MAKE USE OF PROSODIC (clues about their attitude/stress/tone) CUES.

The Remedial Reader

Third to Eighth Grade.

Students who do not demonstrate compentency.

Reading Aloud Exercises

1. Student-Adult Reading

2. Choral Reading

3. Tape-Assisted Reading

4. Partner Reading

5. Reader's Theater

Student-Adult Reading

Student reads one-on-one with the adult. The adult reads first to provide a model of fluent reading, then the student reads the same passage multiple times until reading is fluent. Should take 3-4 times.

Choral Reading

reading aloud in unison with a whole class or group of students. Builds students' fluency, self-confidence, and motivation.

Tape-Assisted Reading

Students read along in their books as they hear a fluent reader on the audiotape and point to words as the reader reads it. Use the tape until the student is able to read independently.

Partner Reading

(paired reading) requires students to work in pairs and students take turns reading a passage.

Reader's Theater

Reading a script adapted from literature, and the audience picturing the action from hearing the script being read aloud.

Metacognition

'thinking about thinking'. During reading, they may monitor their understanding and adjust their reading speed. After reading, they check their understanding

Text Comprehension Classroom Activities

1. Monitoring Comprehension

2. Using Graphic and Semantic Organizers

3. Answering Questions

4. Generating Questions

5. Recognizing Story Structure

6. Summarizing

7. Making Use of Prior Knowledge

8. Using Mental Imagery

monitoring comprehension

Making certain that the text makes sense to the reader.

What is difficult, where does difficulty occur, restate passage in own words to help with difficulty, look back in the text

Using graphic and semantic organizers

-graphic organizers illustrate concepts and interrelationships between concepts

-may be maps, webs, graphics, charts, frames, or clusters

-semantic organizers are graphic organizers that look like webs, lines connect central concept to interrelated ideas/events

-can HELP readers focus on concepts and how they relate

Answering Questions

effective question-answering instruction shows students how to recognize what kinds of information is needed to answer questions. Look back in the text

Generating Questions

Teaching students to ask their own questions improves their active processing of text and comprehension. Students become aware of whether they can answer the questions and if they understand what they're reading.

Recognizing story structure

Refers to the way the content and events of a story are organized into a plot. Story maps (graphic org) show the sequence of events in simple stories. Instruction of content and organizers improves student's comprehension and memory.

Summarizing

determine what is important in reading, condense information, and put in own words. Helps to generate main ideas and remember what they read

Making Use of Prior Knowledge

helps students understand what they are reading, improves their comprehension, prepares students for what they will read.

Previewing important vocabulary assists students in understanding what they are reading.

Using Mental Imagery

students form mental pictures as they read. (young) Readers who visualize during reading understand and remember what they read better. Students can visualize characters, settings and story events.

Writing Strategies

1. Prewriting (web or outline)

2. Drafting

3. Revising

4. Editing

5. Proofreading

genres of literature

Novels, Short stories, Folk Tales, Myths, Poetry

How does the setting affect the reader?

It is the background of a story; tells the physical location. And it involves both time and place.

Reader may get more of a clearer understanding of the story, theme, tone, plot, climax.

can visualize events, background, influence the way characters behave

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

example of alliteration

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Analogy

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way

Example of Analogy

We scored a touchdown on the educational assistance plan

Hyperbole

exaggeration

Example of Hyperbole

I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.

colloquial language

Slang or common language that is informal

Example of colloquial langauge

"'That ain't my style

Oxymoron

A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.

example of oxymoron

jumbo shrimp, pretty/ugly

Imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

Example of Imagery

"A shaggy brown dog rubbed its back on the white picket fence"

Irony

the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning

Example of Irony

He never gives up even though he almost dies every time

A fire station burns down

Literal Language

language that means exactly what it says

Metaphor

something is described as if it were something else

Example of Metaphor

He drowned in a sea of grief.

Personification

the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea

example of personification

Lightning danced across the sky.

Simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

Example of Simile

Life is like a box of chocolates

Symbol

anything that stands for or represents something else

Example of symbol

Eagle is often used as a symbol of freedom

Hindu caste system (India)

No amount of success would allow a person to move from one caste to another

-originated in the Indus River Valley spread throughout southeast Asia

a social structure that divided the population into 4 caste: priests (clerics)/teachers, rulers/warriors, merchants/artisans, commoners/peasants; people born outside the caste system were ostracized (also known as pariahs or outsiders)

Aegean civilization that developed a flourishing culture as a direct result of trade and commerce on the Aegean Sea?

Mycenaeans

Great river systems that India, China, Egypt and Mesopotamia shared

China-yellow river, Egypt-Nile River, Mesopotamia-Tigris and Euphrates river (known as fertile crescent)

Early Ancient Civilization

Place/Region: Mesopotamia

Why did farming lead to civilization?

Because the civilizations were near rivers, farming was possible for growing crops for food. Farming meant people stayed in one place.

It allowed for specialization. Before farming, people were in hunter-gather societies meaning that everyone had a role to play when it came to hunt and preparing food. Because farming was now possible it meant that not everyone had to hunt or gather food. This meant people could specialized in a skill set such as being a black smith. This is called the Neolithic Revolution.

jobs were dispersed so not everyone had to hunt and gather.

What was Mesopotamia's geography like and how did that affect them?

· Mesopotamia (Middle East; Iraq; a region of the world)

· Had many invasions because it was an open geography

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

John Locke's natural laws contrasted from what doctrine?

Absolutism

Social Darwinism best facilitates this economic system of

Capitalism

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Communism

an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions

The thirteen colonies

The original united states: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia

Year the Thirteen colonies were founded in

1607 (Jamestown, Virginia--)known for having tobacco

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

The first continental congress met

1774

American Revolution

(1775-1783) The American colonies fought against British soldiers to obtain political independence. The war established the United States as a separate country

Consequences of American Revolution

Women still did not have equality

native american tribes were displaced and pushed further west

African americans were still slaves

Political- power of British was diminished, prior it was a king and monarchy. Americans challenged old forms of government. attempt to limit the power of the British King, guaranteed all people certain rights

Ideals of the Declaration of Independence are borrowed from

John Locke

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd president

Declaration of Independence

Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.

3 Reasons for the Declaration of Independence

1. Tariffs (Taxes on imports, ex. Stamp Act)

2. Lack of Representation (no taxation without representation; need equal representation in British Gov't)

3. Boston Massacre

major factors leading to the American Revolution

The forced quartering of British soldiers in colonial households

Excessive tariffs

The "Intolerable Acts"

Adam Smith

author of The Wealth of Nations (1776); advocated for the free-market system, created GDP, argued for a limited government. "father of economics"

Adam Smith's natural laws of economics

law of self interest- people work for their own good

law of competition- Competition forces people to make a better product.

law of supply and demand- enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy

Civil War

1861 - 1865, North vs. South, slavery was a major issue. After the war was over, the Constitution was amended to free the slaves, to assure "equal protection under the law" for American citizens, and to grant black men the right to vote. North won

Causes and Effects of Civil War

• Stemmed from south's resistance to the northern abolitionist movement (slavery was going to be abolished), and was accelerated by the shift in federal power that occurred when California was admitted to the union as a free state, and election of Abraham Lincoln

• Secessionists called for a new nation, which they called the Confederate States of America

• Confederates (south) fighting the Union (north)