THE REAL MUSCLESSSS

pectoralis minor

• originates at anterior ribs 3-5

• inserts at coracoid process of scapula

• innervated by medial pectoral nerve

• action is to depress and move scapula anteriorly

pectoralis major

• originates at costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, clavicle, and sternum

• inserts at greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus of humerus

• innervated by medial and lateral pectoral nerves

• action is to flex adduct and medially rotate arm at shoulder (FARM)

deltoid

• originates at clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula

• inserts into deltoid tuberosity of humerus

• innervated by axillary nerve

• action is to do everything except adduct

serratus anterior

• originates at anterior ribs 1-9

• inserts into vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula

• innervated by long thoracic nerve

• action is to protract and move scapula upward and laterally

trapezius

• originates at the occipital bone and spines of thoracic vertebrae

• inserts at clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula

• innervated by CNXI

• action is to elevate clavicle; retract, elevate, and depress scapula (RED)

latissimus dorsi

• originates at spines of thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae

• inserts into intertubercular sulcus of humerus

• innervated by thoracodorsal nerve

• action is to extend, adduct, and rotate arm medially at shoulder (EARM)

rhomboid major

• originates at spines of T2-T5

• inserts at vertebral border of scapula

• innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

• action is to retract and downward rotation of scapula

rhomboid minor

• originates at spines of C7-T1

• inserts at vertebral border of scapula

• innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

• action is to retract and downward rotation of scapula

levator scapulae

• originates at transverse processes of C1-C4

• inserts at vertebral border and superior angle of scapula

• innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

• action is to elevate scapula

teres major

• originates at inferior angle of scapula

• inserts at intertubercular sulcus of humerus

• innervated by lower subscapular nerve

• action is to extend, adduct, and rotate arm medially at shoulder (EARM)

teres minor

• originates at lateral border of scapula

• inserts into greater tubercle of humerus

• innervated by axillary nerve

• action is to extend, adduct, and rotate arm laterally at shoulder (EARL)

supraspinatus

• originates at supraspinous fossa

• inserts into greater tubercle of humerus

• innervated by suprascapular nerve

• action is to assist deltoid in abducting arm

infraspinatus

• originates at infraspinous fossa

• inserts at greater tubercle of humerus

• innervated by suprascapular nerve

• action is to adduct arm and rotate arm laterally

subscapularis

• originates at subscapular fossa

• inserts at lesser tubercle of humerus

• innervated by upper and lower subscapular nerves

• action is to rotate arm medially at shoulder

corocobrachialis

• originates at coracoid process of scapula

• inserts into medial shaft of humerus

• innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

• action is to adduct and flex at shoulder

biceps brachii long head

• originates at supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

• inserts at radial tuberosity

• innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

• action is to flex arm and flex and supinate forearm

biceps brachii short head

• originates and caracoid process of scapula

• inserts at radial tuberosity

• innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

• action is to flex arm and flex and supinate at forearm

brachialis

• originates at distal half of humerus

• inserts at ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

• innervated by musculocutaneous and radial nerve

• action is to flex forearm at elbow

brachioradialis

• originates at superior to lateral epicondyle of humerus

• inserts at styloid process of ulna

• innervated by radial nerve

• action is to flex forearm at elbow

triceps brachii lateral head

• originates at lateral border of humerus

• inserts at olecranon of ulna

• innervated by radial nerve

• action is to extend elbow

triceps brachii long head

• originates at infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

• inserts at olecranon of ulna

• innervated by radial nerve

• action is to extend elbow and extend and adduct at shoulder

triceps brachii medial head

• originates at posterior humerus

• inserts at olecranon of ulna

• innervated by radial nerve

• action is to extend elbow

sternocleidomastoid muscle

• originates at medial clavicle and manubrium

• inserts at mastoid process of temporal bone

• innervated by CNXI

• action is to flex neck

splenius capitis

• originates at spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

• inserts at mastoid process of temporal bone

• innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

• action is to extend and rotate neck

quadratus lumborum

• originates at iliac crest

• inserts at rib 12

• innervated by ventral rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

• action is to extend lumbar spine

iliacus

• originates at iliac fossa

• inserts at lesser trochanter of femur

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to flex hip

Psoas major

• originates at transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

• inserts at less trochanter of femur

• innervated by lumbar plexus

• action is to flex at hip

flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus

• originates at medial epicondyle of humerus

• inserts at carpals and phalanges

• innervated by median nerve

• action is to flex and deviate wrist to radial side (radius), flex wrist (palmaris longus), flex digits (flexor digitorum superficialis)

flexor carpi ulnaris

• originates at medial epicondyle of humerus

• inserts at carpals and phalanges

• innervated by ulnar nerve

• action is to flex and deviate wrist towards ulnar side

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum

• originate at lateral epicondyle of humerus

• inserts at carpals and phalanges

• innervated by radial nerve

• action is to extend wrist and deviate to whichever side

gluteus maximus

• originates at iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx

• inserts at iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity

• innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

• action is to extend and rotate thigh laterally at hip

gluteus medius

• originates at iliac crest

• inserts into greater trochanter of femur

• innervated by superior gluteal nerve

• action is to abduct and rotate thigh medially at hip

glutes minimus

• originates at posterior ilium

• inserts into greater trochanter of femur

• innervated by superior gluteal nerve

• action is to abduct and rotate thigh medially at hip

gracilis

• originates at the inferior rams of pubic bone

• inserts at medial surface of tibia

• innervated by obturator nerve

• action is to adduct thigh at hip and flex leg at knee

pectineus

• originates superior rams of the pubic bone

• inserts at lesser trochanter of femur

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to adduct and flex thigh

adductor longus

• originates at the inferior rams of pubic bone

• inserts into linea aspera of femur

• innervated by obturator nerve

• action is to flex, adduct, rotate thigh medially

adductor magnus

• originates at ischial tuberosity and pubic bone

• inserts at linea aspera of femur

• innervated by obturator nerve and tibial division of sciatic nerve

• action is to flex, adduct, and rotate thigh medially

tensor fascia latte

• originates at iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

• inserts at tibia by way of iliotibial tract

• innervated by superior gluteal nerve

• action is to medially rotate hip, abduct thigh, and laterally rotate and extend at knee

sartorious

• originates at anterior superior iliac spine

• inserts into medial surface of tibia

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to flex leg at knee, flex abduct and rotate thigh laterally

rectus femoris

• originates at anterior inferior iliac spine

• inserts at tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to extend leg and flex thigh

vastus medialis

• originates at linea aspera of femur

• inserts at tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to extend leg

vastus intermedius

• originates at anterolateral shaft of femur

• inserts at tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to extend leg

vastus lateralis

• originates at greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

• inserts at tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament

• innervated by femoral nerve

• action is to extend leg

unhappy triad

• medial colateral ligament

• medial meniscus

• anterior cruciate ligament

biceps femoris long head

• originates at ischial tuberosity

• inserts at head of fibula

• innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve

• action is to extend thigh and flex leg

biceps femoris short head

• originates at linea aspera of femur

• inserts at head of fibula

• innervated by common fibular nerve

• action is to flex leg

semitendinosus

• originates at ischial tuberosity

• inserts at medial surface of tibia

• innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve

• action is to extend thigh and flex leg

semimembranosus

• originates at ischial tuberosity

• inserts into medial condyle of tibia

• innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve

• action is to extend thigh and flex leg

tibialis anterior

• originates at lateral condyle of tibia

• inserts at first metatarsal

• innervated by deep fibular nerve

• action is to dorsiflex and invert foot

extensor digitorum longus

• originates at lateral condyle of tibia

• inserts at phalanges 2-5

• innervated by deep fibular nerve

• action is to extend phalanges 2-5

fibularis longus and brevis

• originates at lateral condyle of tibia

• inserts at first metatarsal

• innervated by superficial fibular nerver

• action is to plantar flex and evert foot

gastrocnemius

• originates at medial and lateral condyles of femur

• inserts at calcaneus by way of calcaneal tendon

• innervated by tibial nerve

• action is to plantar flex foot

soleus

• originates at head of fibula

• inserts at calcaneus by way of calcaneal tendon

• action is to dorsiflex foot

• innervated by tibial nerve

plantaris

• originates at posterior femur

• inserts at calcaneus by way of long tendon

• innervated by tibial nerve

• action is to plantar flex foot and flex knee

subclavian artery

subclavian artery, axially artery, brachial artery, ulnar and radial artery

great saphenous vein

coronary bypass surgery