Overview of Mood Disorders and Depressive Episodes #1

Mood Disorder

episodes of mani and depression

Depressive Episode

Severe depression lasting at least 2 weeks.

Symptoms of Depressive Episode

Depressed mood, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, agitation or retardation

Anhedonia

Loss of joy and pleasure in activities.

Cognitive Symptoms of DD

Negative self-perception and concentration difficulties.

Motivational Symptoms of DD

Lack of initiative and trouble waking up.

Physical Symptoms of DD

Changes in appetite, sleep, and energy levels.

Mania

Abnormally elevated mood with hyperactivity

Duration of Mania

Untreated can last 3-4 months, needs to happen everyday for 1 week to be diagnosed

Hypomanic Episode

Less severe mania lasting at least 4 days.

Mixed Features

Depressive episodes with some manic symptoms.

Unipolar Mood Disorder

Experiences only one extreme of mood.

Bipolar Mood Disorder

Experiences both depressive and elevated moods.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

1+ major depressive episode with remission, never experienced a manic or hypomanic episode

Psychotic Features of DD

Hallucinations and delusions

Anxious Distress

Depression with significant anxiety symptoms.

Melancholic Features

Severe symptoms like hopelessness and lack of reactivity.

Catatonic Features

Rare muscular symptoms like stupor and immobility.

Atypical Features

Less common symptoms present in depression.

Peripartum Onset

Depression occurring around childbirth.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Circadian rhythm misalignment causing seasonal depression.

Dysfunctional Reward Processing

Impaired response to positive stimuli in depression.