HIST 1302 Test 1 Review the Civil War and Reconstruction

What served as the final straw in driving states to secede from the Union?

The election of 1860, where Abraham Lincoln was elected president, was seen as a final straw by Southern states.

When states finally began seceding from the Union, they did so primarily because:

They felt all three branches of government were now controlled by anti-slave, anti-Southern people.

Which of the following was not a long-term cause that helped lead to the Civil War?

High tariffs were not a long-term cause compared to slavery, states' rights, sectionalism, and abolitionism.

Which of the following is the immediate cause of the Civil War?

The South's opening of cannon fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor.

What was a fundamental part of the Northern strategy for victory?

Capture the Mississippi River, blockade Southern ports, invade the South, and capture Richmond.

What was the South's basic strategy for victory during the Civil War?

Defend themselves and obtain foreign support.

Where did most of the fighting during the Civil War occur in the East?

Virginia was the primary location for most of the fighting in the Eastern Theater.

What was the primary Union objective in fighting the war in the West?

To capture the Mississippi River.

Who was the President of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederacy.

Who was the leading Confederate general originally offered the job of commanding the Union's armed forces?

Robert E. Lee was the leading Confederate general who was initially offered command of the Union forces.

Who was the Confederate general known for his exploits in the Shenandoah Valley?

Thomas 'Stonewall' Jackson was known for his exploits in the Shenandoah Valley.

Who was the Union general that captured Vicksburg and eventually forced Robert E. Lee to surrender?

Ulysses S. Grant captured Vicksburg and forced Lee's surrender.

Which of the following caused both sides to realize the Civil War would not be quickly won?

The Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run demonstrated that the war would be long and difficult.

What was the significance of the Battle of Hampton Roads?

It marked the end of the age of wooden ships and the beginning of modern ironclad naval warfare.

Which of the following is associated with the Battle of Antietam?

All of these: Lee's first offensive invasion was stopped, Britain did not come to the aid of the Confederacy, and Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

What was the first major battle of the Civil War?

The Battle of 1st Manassas/Bull Run was the first major battle.

What was the first major Union campaign of the Civil War?

The Peninsular Campaign aimed to capture Richmond but ultimately failed.

What was the major Confederate campaign that tied up three Union armies?

The Valley Campaign was a major Confederate effort that successfully delayed Union forces.

What was the last major rail center to fall in the South?

Petersburg was the last major rail center to fall, allowing Richmond to be taken.

What campaign resulted in Grant losing more men than Lee had in his entire army?

The Wilderness Campaign resulted in significant Union casualties.

What battle is generally held to be the 'high water mark' of the Civil War for the South?

Gettysburg is considered the 'high water mark' for the Confederacy.

What Southern loss allowed the Mississippi to fall completely in the hands of the North?

The loss at Vicksburg allowed the North to control the Mississippi River.

What was the purpose of Sherman's March to the Sea?

To demoralize the South, rob them of valuable supplies, and prove their weakness.

Which of the following is not associated with how the surrender at Appomattox Court House was handled?

Grant requires an unconditional surrender from Lee and his forces is not true; he allowed terms of surrender.

Who was the president awarded the presidency after a contested election?

Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the presidency after a contested election.

Who was the president who began Reconstruction?

Abraham Lincoln began Reconstruction with a focus on treating the South with grace.

Who was the president who declared Reconstruction over?

Andrew Johnson declared Reconstruction over but faced impeachment due to his policies.

Who was the Union general known for his path of destruction?

William T. Sherman was known for his destructive campaigns in the South.

Who was the Union general that ran against Lincoln in the Election of 1864?

George McClellan ran against Lincoln on a platform calling for negotiating an end to the war.

Who was the Southern radical that assassinated a sitting US president?

John Wilkes Booth was the first successful assassin of a sitting US president.

Which of the following is true about the New York Draft Riot?

The New York Draft Riot was a violent protest against the draft during the Civil War.

When was the Civil War fought?

April 1861 to April 1865.

Approximately how many Americans died/were wounded on the battlefield during the Civil War?

Over 800,000.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

It elevated the Civil War into being a conflict about something more than slavery, sectionalism, or other political/economic differences.

What was the significance of the Gettysburg Address?

It resulted in the elevation of the Civil War into being a conflict about something more than slavery, sectionalism, or other political/economic differences.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

It abolished slavery outright.

What did the 14th Amendment provide?

It gave former slaves citizenship.

What did the 15th Amendment guarantee?

It gave former slaves the right to vote.

What was the purpose of the Freedman's Bureau?

It fought to secure legal, occupational, and financial assistance for former slaves.

What was the essential question at the end of the Civil War?

What to do with the Confederate states?

Which of the following was not a major consideration of how to treat the former Confederate states?

They were an ally that deserved a 2nd chance.

What was the main provision of Sherman's Field Order #15?

Newly freed slaves would get 40 acres per family from confiscated land of former Confederates.

What was the main purpose of the Black Codes?

They sought to limit the legal & political rights, opportunities, and protection of former slaves.

What two questions dictated how the president or Congress handled Reconstruction?

How were the Confederate States to be treated and who was supposed to be in charge of reconstructing them?

What did 'waving the bloody shirt' mean?

It was blaming others for the last 4 years of war.

What was Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

Replace majority rule with loyal rule; required only 10% of those that had voted in 1860 to pledge loyalty to the Union.

Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?

He was guilty, in the eyes of Congress, of violating his power and authority as president by how he was handling Reconstruction.

What was the Freedman's Bureau?

It was seen as a vital resource by former slaves, southern sharecroppers, & poor whites.

What is a Copperhead?

Democrats in the North & Midwest who sought to end the Civil War and negotiate with the Confederate government.

Who were the Radical Republicans?

They led the final phases of Reconstruction, often at odds with President Johnson & other members of their party.

What is a Scalawag?

Southerners who worked with Radical Reconstruction efforts and northern politicians.

What is a Carpetbagger?

Northerners who came to the South to aid Reconstruction, set up schools, improve life, & help with elections.

What is a Sharecropper?

A landowner provided land, housing, tools, seed, and more supervision to sharecroppers.

How did Reconstruction end?

Representatives of southern states agreed to accept the results of the contested presidential election of 1876 in exchange for the new president-elect to declare Reconstruction over.

When was Reconstruction?

April 1865 to March 1877.