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Hormones are secreted locally into the extracellular space only to return to self- regulate the very cells that release them.
AUTOCRINE
Secretion of hormones from a cell directly into the surrounding extracellular space; the hormones then interact with adjacent or nearby cells without being transported by blood.
PARACRINE
Secretion of peptides or other
neurotransmitter molecules by neurons, is a specialized form of paracrine function in which the chemical messenger is transferred to a target cell via synapse or neuromuscular junction.
NEUROCRINE
Classification of Hormone
✓ PROTEIN/ PEPTIDE
✓ LIPID
✓ MISCELLANEOUS
2 Important Portal Circulation
HEPATIC PORTAL CIRCULATION
HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL CIRCULATION
Examples of Secondary Messengers
✓ Cyclic AMP
✓ Calcium Ions
✓ Phosphatidylinositides
Sample of Tertiary Messenger
Calcium
Presence of Abnormally low level of thyroxine in the blood is called
Hypothyroxemia
Other name of pituitary gland
Hypophysis
Two divisions of Pituitary gland
Adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis
Different parts of anterior pituitary
✓ Pars Distalis
✓ Pars Tuberalis
✓ Pars Intermedia
IGF-1 was formerly known as _____.
✓ Somatomedin C
IGF-2 is secreted by the cells of the CNS,
and it is involved with the _____.
✓ Fetal growth/development
Other name of growth hormone released
inhibiting hormone.
Somatostatin
Other name of growth hormone
Somatotropin
Hormone whose one physiological
function is to stimulate the thyroid gland.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Prolactin is also called ___.
Luteotropin/LTH
Prolactinisunderinhibitingcontrolof____.
/ What inhibits the release of prolactin?
Dopamine
What is the stimulus for the letdown of
milk?
Suckling
What is the releasing hormone for prolactin?
Thyroid Releasing Hormone/TRH
This part is only present in placenta of horses that secretes equine chorionic gonadotropin/pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin.
Endometrial cups
What is the other name of Somatomedin C?
IGF-1
Other name for growth hormone
Somatotropin
Placental lactogen present in cows.
Bovine Placental Lactogen/Bovine PL
Placental lactogen present in sheep.
Ovine Placental Lactogen/oPL
What is the amino acid constituent of
thyroglobulin?
Tyrosine
What helps in transporting iodide ions in
the synthesis of thyroid hormone?
Sodium-iodide Symporter/NIS
What are the cells found in the thyroid gland?
Follicular cells
What is the driving force for active co-
transport of iodide?
Sodium
Note 
Flashcard (28)