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Japanese Americans
A U.S. minority forced into concentration camps during WWII
War Production Board (WPB)
Federal agency that coordinated industry and mobilized the economy
WACs and WAVES
Women’s units of the army and navy during WWII
Bracero Program
Arrangement bringing Mexican laborers to the U.S. for agricultural work
Rosie the Riveter
Symbolic personification of female wartime industrial labor
Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)
Agency guaranteeing African American job opportunities in defense industries
Philippines
U.S.-owned Pacific archipelago seized by Japan early in WWII
Battle of Midway
June 1942 naval battle where Nimitz halted Japanese expansion
Unconditional Surrender
U.S.–British demand on Germany and Japan substituting for a second front
Casablanca Conference
1943 Roosevelt–Churchill meeting planning the invasion of Italy
Tehran Conference
Meeting where FDR, Churchill, and Stalin planned D‑Day
D‑Day (Normandy Invasion)
Beginning of the Allied invasion of France, June 1944
Battle of the Bulge
December 1944 German offensive, Hitler’s last attempt to stop Allies
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Last two heavily defended Japanese islands taken by the U.S. in 1945
Manhattan Project
Top‑secret program to develop the atomic bomb
Henry J. Kaiser
Leading American industrialist and shipbuilder during WWII
John L. Lewis
Tough United Mine Workers leader whose strikes prompted anti‑strike laws
A. Philip Randolph
Black labor leader whose threatened march opened wartime job opportunities
Erwin Rommel
Top German general in North Africa halted at El Alamein
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai‑shek)
U.S. ally resisting Japanese advances in China
Douglas MacArthur
Commander of U.S. Army in the Pacific; returned to the Philippines
Chester W. Nimitz
Commander of U.S. naval forces in the Pacific; island‑hopping strategist
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Commander of Allied assault in North Africa and France
Winston Churchill
Allied leader who met with FDR at Casablanca and Tehran
Joseph Stalin
Leader who pressured U.S. and Britain to open a second front
Thomas E. Dewey
Republican nominee in 1944 who failed to defeat FDR
Henry A. Wallace
FDR’s liberal VP for most of WWII, dropped in 1944
Harry S. Truman
Former senator suddenly elevated to leadership on April 12, 1945
Albert Einstein
Physicist who urged FDR to develop the atomic bomb
Hirohito
Japanese emperor allowed to remain after surrender