Python Module Reviewer

Python

A popular programming language known for its ease of use, readability, completeness, cross-platform compatibility, and open-source nature, suitable for various applications like data science and web development.

Anaconda Distribution

A recommended Python distribution that simplifies installation and comes with pre-installed packages and tools like Jupyter.

Jupyter

A browser-based application providing an environment for running and testing Python codes, ideal for documentation, sharing, and code replicability.

Jupyter Notebook Server

The command-line interface that enables users to access Jupyter Notebook on their localhost.

Jupyter Dashboard

A web browser-accessible interface (URL: localhost:8888) connected to the Jupyter Notebook Server, displaying files and folders in the home directory and allowing the creation of new Python notebooks.

Cell (in Jupyter)

A block in a Jupyter notebook where code or text is written, enclosed in a box, with types including code cells (for Python code) and markdown cells (for formatted text).

Markdown Cell

A type of cell in Jupyter that allows the creation of formatted text using elements like headers (#, ##), bold text (using **), etc.

Edit Mode (in Jupyter)

A Jupyter mode, indicated by a green line on the left of an active cell, where users can type codes or markdown text.

Command Mode (in Jupyter)

A Jupyter mode, indicated by a blue line on the left of an active cell, used for notebook-level actions.

Execution Number (in Jupyter)

A number assigned by Jupyter to track the order in which code cells are executed, displayed on the right side of executed cells.

print() in Python

A function that outputs whatever is inside the open and close parentheses, treating characters enclosed in quotations as a string.

Numerical Operations in Python

Basic operations including addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (), division (/), exponentiation (*), modulo (%), and integer division (//).

Module (in Python)

An external Python file that can be imported to a current Python file, containing functions and other resources.

Logical Operators in Python

Keywords such as 'and', 'or', and 'not' used for multiple comparisons and negation of comparison results.

Variable (in Python)

A named value that can be assigned a value using the assignment operator (=), used to remember and reuse values and past calculations.

%whos (in Jupyter)

A magic command that allows users to see all the variables in the current notebook.

Data Types (in Python)

Classes specifying the type of data that can be stored inside a variable, including numeric (int, float, complex), string (str), sequence (list, tuple, range), mapping (dict), boolean (bool), and set (set, frozenset).

type() (in Python)

A command used to determine the type of data stored in a variable.

input() in Python

Takes user input

int() in Python

Converts a value to integer type

float() in Python

Converts a value to floating point type

round() in Python

Rounds a value to a specified precision

Branching statements

Are code constructs that execute a block of code depending on a set of conditional criteria.

logical expressions

For branching statements, these criteria are written as ___________, and when satisfied, they execute a corresponding set of instructions.

Control flow

These refer to the order of execution of computer instructions

if statement

signifies an evaluation of its input logical expression. The code block will be executed only if the expression evaluates to a True value.

If-Else statement

A variant of the If statement. In this variant, a separate else code block is executed if the input logical expression of the if statement evaluates to False.

if-elif-else statement

This statement is another extension of the if statement. It can provide a second if condition that will be evaluated if the first if condition evaluates to false.

Three main ways to perform sequence of instructions over each item.

• for loop

• while loop

• list comprehension

for loop

This loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

while loop

This loop can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

Terminating an infinite loop

Manually by pressing the black square button in the menu, indicating ‘kernel interruption.’

List Comprehension

A construct short, and elegant way of creating a list based on existing lists.

Strings

Represents plan text. Should be enclosed in either ingle or double qoutations.

len()

Returns the length of an object.

Strings:Index

Indicates the location of the individual characters in a string.

Strings: Slicing

Accessing a part of the string through index enclosed in square brackets.

Strings: Concatenation

This is indicated by the symbol + performed on strings. Does not perform with a string and an integer.

str()

A built-in function that converts non-string to string.

help()

A built in function to have an idea of how a certain method works.

Lists

It is a sequence of values. The values are called its elements or items. It is defined by enclosing its items in square brackets, separated by commas, and can hold any type of data.

append()

A list method that adds an item at the end of the list.

insert()

A list method that inserts an item at a given index.

remove()

A list method that removes the first occurrence of a string.

list(“[string] ”)

Syntax for converting a string into a list.

Tuple

An immutable sequence type in Python that can hold a collection of items. Uses a pair of parentheses(), elements are separated by commas.

Operations like getting the length, indexing, slicing, using + and in are the same as those in strings and lists.

Homogeneous

A collection with same type. Lists are usually considered this type of collection.

Heterogeneous

Collection with different types. Tuples are usually considered this type of collection.

Dictionary

• A general version of a list.

• Are indexed by keys

• Compromises of key-value pairs, and each key maps to a comma separated key:value pairs.

• Declared by key:value pars enclosed in square brackets.

keys()

A dictionary method to get all the keys in a dictionary.

values()

A dictionary method to get all the values in a dictionary.

items()

A dictionary method to get all the key-value pairs in a dictionary.

in operator

An operator when used on dictionaries search occurrence from the keys.

list() on a dictionary

Access a list of dictionary keys.

Functions

A sequence of instructions that performs a task.

def()

used to make new function will be defined.

Components of a user-defined function

• Function Header

• Function Body

• Descriptive String

Function Header

• Starts with a keyword def

• Followed by a function name

• Followed by a pair of parenthesis with the input parameter inside and ends with a colon ( : )

Parameters

Are variables that the user need to supply to a function as input and can be manipulated in the body of the function.

Function Body

• Where the step-by-step instructions to be executed upon calling the function was placed.

• It is important to note that the instructions in the body function must be indented, and in the case of multiple instructions, all the instructions must be of the same indent.

• At the end of function body, it can return some output.

Descriptive String

• After defining the function header, an optional descriptive string can be placed in the middle of triple single or triple double qoutes.

• This can be used to describe in more detail the task that will be performed by the function.

• The descriptive string is also accessed by the command help().

Local Variables

Variables that are local to the function and is not part of the variables tracked across the whole Python notebook.