Characterstics problem & Problem solving approach

What are the characterstics probelm in AI?

1. Is the problem solvable

2. Is the problem observable

3. Is the problem predictable or unpredictable

4. Is there single agent or multiple agent

5. Is the environment static and dynamic

6. Is the problem discrete or continuous

7. Is the solution path important

Is the problem solvable?

• Well defined problem : In this the problem is well described has rule

• ill defined problem : In this problem is not well described has no rules

Is the problem fully observable ?

• Fully observable : The AI has complete information about present state

  ex: chess game

• Partially observable : In the AI dont know everything about it

Is the problem predictable or unpredictable ?

Predictable : In this output is predictable

ex: chess game move

Unpredictable: In this output is unpredictable

ex: Rolling an dice

Is there single agent or multiple agent

Single Agent: Only one AI operats in the enviroment

Multi-agent: Two or more agents operatoe in the same enviroment

Is the environment static and dynamic

Static : The environment doesn’t change when AI is thinking
Ex: Playing chess

Dynamic: The enviroment changes overtime when AI is thinking

Ex: Stock Market

Is the problem discrete or continuos ?

Discrete: Limited number of steps

Continuos: Infinite possiblities

Is the soln part important?

Yes: path is important then its path problem

No: Path is important then its goal problem

the technique that was developed to determine whether a machine could or could not demonstrate the artificial intelligence known as

Turing Test

Happenend in 1950 in university of manchaster

What are the steps to follow when solving a problem ?

• Define the problem

• Analyse the problem

• Ways to solve the problem

• Choose the best option

What is state space problem?

It is way to represent all the possible solution of a problem


Uninfomed : Agent dones’t have extra info problem se related
BFS, DFS

Informed : Extra knowledge rateher then problem

What is production systems?

Those are the the sets of production rules which tell what to do (Knowledge) and when to do (control stretegies)

What are the features of Production systems?

• If-then condition

• modularity

• Knowledge Representation

• Control Strategies

What are the key component of Production systems?

• Inference engine: It uses if then rules to find new info from the already given data

• Working Memory: It means it stores the data and fact temporarily

• Knowledge Representation: It means how data are stored in the system

• Control mechanism: It decide which rule to use and when to use

What are the types of production systems?

1. Rule Based Systems : It follows if - then rule

2. Procedural Systems: It follows step-by-step process

3. Declarative Systems : In this we declare the goal and then try to find the ways

What is state space search ?

It is a problem solving technique in which we check all the possible solns from initial states to final state until we find the goal state

What are the types of state space search ?

• Uninformed search: In this Agent has no idea where the goal is , so it checks all the possible soln

  • ex: BFS and DFS

• Informed search: In this Agent has lilttle idea where the goal is

  • ex: A* , Best first search

What are the types of Advantages and Disadvantages of state space search ?

Adv:

• It can solve so many kinds of problem

• Clear representation ( Graph / tree _

Dis:

• Time consuming

• not practical for large problem