Substance Abuse

Substance abuse

using addictive substances leads to trouble fulfilling responsibilities, legal issues, risk-taking, or unsafe situations.

Substance dependence

withdrawal symptoms occur when stopping the substance, along with neglecting activities, spending excessive time on substance use, using it longer than intended, or continuing despite harmful effects.

Drugs (CAMPNIA):

A. COCAINE

B. AMPHETAMINES

C. MARIJUANA AND HASHISH

D. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

E. NARCOTIC AGONISTS

F. INHALANTS

G. ALCOHOL

A. COCAINE

It is derived from Erythroxylum coca, a plant grown almost exclusively in South America.

Types of Cocaine:

1. Alkaloidal cocaine (i.e., crack)

Alkaloidal cocaine (i.e., crack)

A concentrated mixture, produces an even more rapid and intense high when inhaled— so dramatic, in fact, that immediate death may result from cardiac failure.

ASSESSING THE PREGNANT WOMAN WHO ABUSES COCAIN

1. vasoconstriction occurs

2. RR and BP increase r/t vasoconstriction

Abruptio Placenta

premature separation of the placenta

Infants born to women who are cocaine dependent can suffer the immediate effects of

intracranial hemorrhage and an abstinence syndrome of tremulousness, irritability, and muscle rigidity

B. types of AMPHETAMINES:

1. Methamphetamine (i.e., speed)

2. Ice

Methamphetamine (Speed)

a neurostimulant and neurotoxin similar to cocaine, commonly used in some areas due to its low cost and easy production in home labs.

Ice

a form of methamphetamine that is smoked, leading to high concentrations in the mother's blood.

Amphetamines effects on women

can cause blackened and infected teeth.

Effects of methamphetamine on newborns

babies born to mothers who use methamphetamine may be jittery, have poor feeding, and be growth restricted.

C. MARIJUANA AND HASHISH

Women use marijuana to counteract nausea in early pregnancy

Side Effects of MARIJUANA AND HASHISH:

- When smoked, they produce tachycardia and a sense of well-being

- loss of short-term memory

- an increased incidence of respiratory infection in adults.

D. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

originally developed in the 1950s as an anesthetic, it is no longer used for that purpose due to causing euphoria, irritation, and possible long-term hallucinations (flashbacks). It is now often found in polysubstance use.

E. NARCOTIC AGONISTS

used for the relief of pain and are widely abused substances because they can be obtained by prescription and they have a dramatic euphoric effect

Types of NARCOTIC AGONISTS:

1. Heroin

Heroin

an illicit opiate becoming more common among late adolescents.

Methods of use of Heroin

can be administered by "skin popping" (intradermally), inhalation ("snorting"), or intravenously ("shooting").

Effects of Heroin

causes a quick, short-lived euphoria followed by sedation.

Effects on Heroin infants

babies may be small for gestational age, have higher chances of fetal distress and meconium aspiration.

Abstinence symptoms of Heroin in infants

newborns show the same withdrawal symptoms as the mother would if she suddenly stopped using heroin.

F. INHALANTS

substances like model airplane glue, cooking sprays, and computer keyboard cleaner that are "sniffing" or "huffing," often abused by adolescents.

Types of Inhalants:

1. Liquids

2. Aerosols

3. Gases

4. Nitrites

G. ALCOHOL

consuming any amount of alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder includes recognizable

facial features, cognitive challenges, and memory deficits. Women are advised to avoid alcohol during pregnancy to prevent these issues.