Unit 6 Review - United States History

These flashcards cover key themes and events related to United States history during the Gilded Age, focusing on industrialization, immigration, labor movements, and Native American issues.

What was the impact of the Civil War on the Industrial Revolution during the Gilded Age?

It accelerated industrial growth by increasing demand for supplies and creating a labor shortage that drove innovation.

What was the role of the transcontinental railroad in the creation of a national market?

It linked the eastern and western states, facilitating the movement of goods, people, and resources across the country.

What is the difference between vertical and horizontal trust?

Vertical trust involves controlling every aspect of production from raw materials to finished goods, while horizontal trust involves consolidating companies at the same level of production.

Why did American capitalists feel justified in promoting cutthroat business practices during the Gilded Age?

They believed that competition would lead to efficiency and innovation, and that success justified aggressive tactics.

What non-political factors encouraged industrial development in the Gilded Age?

Factors included technological advancements, availability of natural resources, and a growing labor force.

What steps did the government take to support business growth in the Gilded Age?

The government provided land grants for railroads, tax incentives, and limited regulation of industries.

What were the consequences of economic growth on American workers and consumers?

Workers faced harsh conditions and low wages while consumers enjoyed a variety of goods and services.

What crop was primarily grown by farmers under the Homestead Act of 1862, and why were they productive?

Farmers primarily grew wheat, benefiting from advances in farming technology and favorable climate conditions.

Why did farmers struggle as crop prices fell?

Falling prices reduced their income, making it hard to cover debts and sustain their operations.

What was the platform of the Populist Movement?

It advocated for bimetallism, regulation of railroads, and other reforms to improve conditions for the working class.

How did the Election of 1896 embody societal class struggles during the Gilded Age?

It pitted the interests of rural farmers against urban industrialists, highlighting economic divides.

Was the Labor Movement successful during the Gilded Age? Why or why not?

It experienced mixed success, gaining some rights but facing significant resistance and setbacks.

What issues did labor unions advocate for?

They fought for higher wages, safer working conditions, and better hours.

Were there instances that harmed the labor movement?

Yes, events like the Haymarket Affair and the brutality of strikes often discredited unions.

What factors contributed to urban population growth during the Gilded Age?

Industrial jobs, rural migration, and immigration boosted urban populations.

What were some consequences of rapid urban growth?

Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and increased demand for housing led to urban suffering.

What was immigrant life like in urban areas during the Gilded Age?

Immigrants often lived in crowded neighborhoods, worked low-wage jobs, and faced cultural challenges.

How did immigrants influence city politics?

They contributed to the political landscape by voting in large numbers and forming alliances with political machines.

Were most Americans accepting of immigrants? Why or why not?

Many were not accepting, viewing immigrants as competition for jobs and resources.

What role did the Buffalo play in the lives of Native Americans?

Buffalo were a critical resource for food, clothing, and shelter for Native Americans.

What were the consequences of Native American resistance, specifically in Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee?

Resistance resulted in violent confrontations and ultimately led to further suppression and loss of land.

Did assimilation policy work for Native Americans by the end of the 19th century?

No, assimilation largely failed; many Native Americans faced poverty and loss of cultural identity.