Ch. 28 Human Development Key Terms

is the process in which sperm are prepared for fertilization; increases the motility of sperm and changes their outer membrane to allow the release of enzymes that can digest the oocyte's outer layers.

capacitation

is the fetal wastes that consist of ingested amniotic fluid, mucus, bile, and cellular debris.  Can cause complications at birth if aspirated by the infant during delivery.

meconium

is what allows a sperm to burrow through the corona radiata, penetrating the zona pellucida of an oocyte.

acrosomal reaction

is the precursor to structures of the CNS.

neural tube

is the inner cell mass consisting of about 100 cells that will become the embryo.

blastocyst

This hormone directs the corpus luteum to survive, enlarge, and continue producing progesterone and estrogen to suppress menses and help create an environment suitable for the developing embryo. It is

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

is a pituitary gland anterior lobe hormone that establishes and maintains the supply of breast milk.

prolactin

The 3-month divisions of pregnancy are known as

trimesters

is the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not XX or XY.

autosomal chromosome

Childbirth is AKA

parturition

is used to describe a developing human between weeks 3 to 8 of gestation.

embryo

is the period required for embryonic and fetal development in utero, AKA pregnancy.

gestation

The pattern of recessive inheritance that corresponds to a gene on one of the 22 autosomal chromosomes is

autosomal recessive

The physical or biochemical manifestation of the genotype or expression of the alleles is known as the

phenotype

The uterus shrinking back to its pre-pregnancy volume postpartum is

involution

is an incision made in the posterior vaginal wall and perineum that facilitates vaginal birth.

episiotomy

is a fertilized ovum.  It is a diploid cell resulting from fertilization of haploid gametes.

zygote

The weak, irregular peristaltic contractions that may occur in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters are known as

Braxton Hicks contractions

is the first stage of childbirth and indicates an increase in the diamter of the cervix.

dilation

This is a form of mitotic cell division in which the cell divides but the total volume remains unchanged; it will produce smaller and smaller cells.  It is known as

cleavage