Period 4 Reading Guide (Ch. 7-11)

Flashcards about the United States History

Embargo Acts

Passed by Jefferson in hopes of pressuring the British out of impressment, but instead backfired & bought greater economic hardship to the US

War Hawks

Young Democratic-Republicans led by Clay & Calhoun who argued that the only way to defend American honor was to go to war with Britain & destroy Native resistance

Hartford Convention

Due to the Federalists opposition to the war & the timeliness of the Hartford Convention the Federalist party came to an end

American System

Proposed by Henry Clay - protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements

Panic of 1819

The first major financial panic caused by the Second Bank tightening credit in an effort to control inflation

Monroe Doctrine

Asserted the Western Hemisphere as a US sphere of influence and warned European nations against colonization in the Americas

Fletcher v. Peck

Supreme court case: the state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Contract for a private corporation could not be altered by the state

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme court case: state could not tax a federal institution

Gibbons v. Ogden

federal government's broad control of interstate commerce

Second Great Awakening

Religious revivals that swept through the United States in the early 19th century

Romanticism

Writers & artists shifted away from Enlightenment emphasis on balance, order, & reason toward feeling, intuition, individual acts of heroism, & the study of nature

Transcendentalism

Expressed in the United States by transcendentalists who questioned the doctrines of established churches & business practices of the merchant class - argued for a mystical & intuitive way of thinking as a means for discovering one’s inner self & looking for the essence of God in nature

Hudson River School

Expressed romantic age’s fascination with the natural world in painting

Cult of Domesticity

Idealized view of women as moral leaders in the home

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women’s rights convention in American history which issued the Declaration of Sentiments & listed women’s grievances

William Loyd Garrison

Began the radical abolitionist movement & advocated immediate abolition of slavery. Founded the American Antislavery Society

Nat Turner

Led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed, but hundreds of African Americans were killed to put down the revolt

Erie Canal

Linked the economics of western farms with eastern cities and stimulated canal building in other states

Cotton Gin

Invented by Eli Whitney which made cotton more profitable

Lowell System

Textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts recruited young women because of easy management because the women lived on site

Manifest Destiny

Expressed belief that the United States had a divine mission to extend its power & civilization across North America

Aroostook War

Conflict between rival groups of lumbermen on the Maine-Canadian border

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas, and the United States took possession of California & New Mexico

Missouri Compromise

Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state - no future slavery north of the 36 degree 30’ line