AP World History Unit 2 (1200-1450)

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Samarkand

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The capital of the Tamerlan Empire, known for its bustling bazaars for trading spices and for being a place for merchants to rest

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Kashgar

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A city in modern-day Xinjiang, China, where it attracted traders across Eurasia and a hub for Sufi mystics and knowledge

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34 Terms

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Samarkand

The capital of the Tamerlan Empire, known for its bustling bazaars for trading spices and for being a place for merchants to rest

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Kashgar

A city in modern-day Xinjiang, China, where it attracted traders across Eurasia and a hub for Sufi mystics and knowledge

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Paper Money

Originating in China during the Tang Dynasty, it allowed for easier trade and reduced the need for carrying heavy coins.

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Banking Houses

Institutions that facilitated the exchange of currencies and keeping traveler’s money safe to buy interregional goods

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Caravanserai

An inn in the Middle East and Central Asia where travelers could rest and recover on long caravans

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Battle of Talas

A battle fought in 751 between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty, resulting in the Arab victory and the spread of Islam into Central Asia

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Bubonic Plague

A infectious disease transmitted through fleas and rats, leading to the Black Death in the 14th century

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Sogdians

An Iranian people known for their trade network across Central Asia, facilitating commerce along the Silk Road and spreading cultures and religions

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Examples of Luxury Goods

Items like silk, spices, precious metals, and fine textiles were highly valuable and traded

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Credit

An arrangement allowing individuals to borrow money with the promise of future repayment

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Mongol Khanates

Territories ruled by Mongol leaders after the death of Genghis Khan, including the Golden Horde and the Yuan Dynasty

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Golden Horde

One of the four principal Khanates of the Mongol Empire, covering parts of Russia and Eastern Europe

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Kublai Khan

Established the Yuan Dynasty in China and was known for his efforts to expand trade and integrate Chinese-Mongolian cultures

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Genghis Khan

Founder of the Mongol Empire, he united the Mongolian tribes and expanded the empire across Asia and into Europe.

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Ilkhanate of Persia

One of the four khanates established after the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire, it governed Persia and parts of the Middle East

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Greco-Islamic Medical Knowledge

The mix of Greek medical texts and Islamic scholarship during the medieval period, which advanced the development of medicine.

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Arabic Numerals

A numbering system from Indian mathematics, later transmitted to Europe through Islamic scholars

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Swahili City-States

Coastal city-states in East Africa that engaged in trade across the Indian Ocean

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Sultanate of Malacca

A maritime kingdom in Southeast Asia during the 15th century, and for being a crucial commercial hub in the Indian Ocean

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Compass

An instrument used for navigation and orientation, giving directions and aiding sailors in maritime travel

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Astrolabe

A navigational instrument used by sailors to determine latitude at sea

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Chinese Junk Ship

A type of ancient Chinese sailing ship known for its flat bottom and high stern, designed for long-distance trade

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Zheng He

A Chinese explorer who led several naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa..

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Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds in South Asia that influence climate and sailing patterns

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Camel Saddles

Specialized gear for transporting goods across deserts, allowing camels to carry heavy loads

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Caravans

Groups of travelers and traders traveling together across deserts or trade routes for protection

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Gunpowder

A Chinese inventionthat revolutionized warfare by enabling the creation of explosives and firearms

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Paper

A Chinese invention that facilitated record-keeping, cultural exchange, and the spread of knowledge

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Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and the Quran

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Buddhism

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha that stresses the path to enlightenment through practices such as meditation

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Hinduism

A major religion originating in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by a belief in dharma and karma

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Marco Polo

An Venetian explorer known for his travels to Asia and his writings about the Silk Road

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Ibn Battuta

A Moroccan traveler known for his extensive journeys across Africa, Asia, and Europe, documenting cultures in his travels

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Champa Ricd

A highly durable variant of rice, known for resisting droughts and maturing quickly, and being a reliable crop to cultivate