JFK and LBJ Flashcards #iwanttocry

Election of 1960

one of the closest elections in American history where John F. Kennedy won the popular vote while Richard Nixon won more individual states. JFK was the winner.

John F. Kennedy

the youngest president elected during some of the Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis who fought to end segregation in education and for voting protection.

Richard M. Nixon

the 37th president whose primary focus in office was foreign affairs, and easing Cold War tensions with both of the countries

Lyndon B. Johnson

replaced JFK and became the 36th president. Johnson was known for his stance on the issue of civil rights and signed the Civil RIghts Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.

“Camelot”

a reference to JFK’s administration due to Kennedy’s brief presidency that some people point to as an example of what the government should look like. It highlights the administration’s idealized qualities.

New Frontier

campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election to fix the stagnant economy and create reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.

Jacqueline Kennedy

First lady during JFK’s presidency who made the White House a showcase for America’s most talented and accomplished individuals, and worked to restore the White House to its original elegance.

Fidel Castro

a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 - 2008.

Earl Warren

American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as the 30th governor of California - ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Reapportionment

occurs every ten years - the process by which congressional districts are redrawn and seats are redistributed among states in the House.

Due Process

the fair treatment of citizens by federal, state, and local governments

Mapp v. Ohio

impacted the type of evidence allowed in courts - evidence acquired through illegal search and seizure was not admissible evidence

Gideon v. Wainwright

the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of Gideon, guaranteeing the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts. Gideon was then acquitted for the charges - gave more right ot the person accused.

Escobedo v. Illinois

the Court ruled that Escobedo’s Sixth Amendment rights had been violated ad that the period between arrest and indictment was a critical stage at which an accused needed the advice of counsel.

Miranda v. Arizona

Ernesto Miranda had been violated during his arrest and trial for armed robbery,, kidnapping, and rape of a young woman, so the Court held that a defendant cannot be questioned by police until they know they have the right to remain silent.

Engle v. Vitale

the Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the establishment clause of the First Ammendment.

Abbington School District v. Schempp

is a U.S. Supreme Court case holding that states mandatory religious activity as part of a public school’s curriculum, like Bible readings, violate the Establishment Clause of the First Ammendment.

Flexible Response

gave the president the ability to select from nonmilitary options as well as military options, when responding to a crisis so the US can meet each hostile action with a proportional reaction.

Peace Corps

brings together volunteers that live and work side by side with community members on locally prioritized projects, building relationships, exchanging cultures, and knowledge, and helping transform lives for generations.

Space Race

the competition between the United States and Soviet Union regarding achievements in the field of space exploration.

Bay of Pigs

the failed attempt by US-backed CUban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro

Berlin Wall

a wall built by the Soviet Union with fortified concrete and wire barriers that separated East and West Berlin from 1961-1989

Cuban Missile Crisis

a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United State and the Soviet Union during the Cold War when Cuba allowed the Soviet Union to come into the country and place nuclear missiles aimed at the US - closest they came to nuclear conflict.

Lee Harvey Oswald

a US Marine veteran who assassinated JFK

Jack Ruby

an American nightclub owner who murdered Lee Harvey Oswald

Warren Commission

used to investigate JFK’s assassination and declared that Lee Harvey Oswald was a lone killer

Johnson Treatment

Johnson’s tactics described by Mary McGrory as a way of persuasion with badgering, flattery, threats, and use of past favors/future advanatages

Election of 1964

Lyndon B. Johnson won a full term, defeating Republican Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona. He won every state except Arizona and the Deep South.

Barry Goldwater

and American politician and major general in the AIr Force Reserve who was a United States senator and the Repub Party Nominee for 1964

Great Society

became Johnson’s agenda from Congress to aid education attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, and so much more

“War on Poverty”

expansive social welfare legislation introduced in the 1960s by the administration of US President Johnson that was intended to help end poverty in the US

Medicare

federal health insurance for anyone age 65 and older, and some under 65 with certain disabilities or conditions

Medicaid

the nation’s public health insurance program for people with low income

Head Start

an eight-week summer program created by the Office of Economic Opportunity to help break the poverty cycle by providing preschool children of low-income with a program to meet their emotional, social, health, nutritional, and psychological needs.

HUD

The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created as a cabinet level agency. It was a leased housing program to make privately owned housing available to low-income families.