psych final

Sigmund Freud believed that aggressive impulses are reactions to the dreams that we have and that we hold onto them too long.

false

After taking certain drugs for a while, a person shows signs of \____________ when the body craves the drug just to feel normal

addiction

The four different kinds of brain-wave patters are alpha, beta, delta, and theta.

true

Research that has no immediate application is known as experimental research.

false

\_________________________ (CAPITALIZE your answer) are drugs that speed up the nervous system.

Stimulants

Biological psychologists are interested in the influences of hormones and genes.

true

The school of behaviorism defined psychology as

The scientific study of observable behavior

Which of the following IS NOT an example of a narcotic?

lsd, nicotine, cocaine

In its early days, the school of psychoanalysis stressed that behavior was caused by

unconscious motives and conflicts

A \______________________ is an action that can be observed or measured.

behavior

In contrast to other early psychologists, Sigmund Freud gained his understanding of human behavior

in consultation with patients

Morphine and heroin are addictive depressants known as

narcotics

The contemporary psychological approach that emphasizes study of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status

sociocultural

Two research methods widely used by psychologists are

surveys and experiments

The category of drugs called \_______ have been used to help people stay awake.

amphetamines

The contemporary psychoanalytic perspective stresses the influence of

conscious choice and self-direction?

Developmental psychologists are especially concerned with

changes that occur throughout the life span

Which of the following is not an altered state of consciousness?

being aware of the environment?

Difficulty falling asleep is called \_______________________.

insomnia

Sleep and meditation are examples of

altered states of consciousness

Course planning and instructional methods for school districts are usually handled by \__________________ psychologists.

educational

Which of the following are NOT drugs that can produce hallucinations?

alcohol?

Counseling psychologists encourage their clients to

meet challenges, clarify their goals, overcome adjustment problems (all of the above)

During a 24-hour day, people experience a sequence of changes in

sleepiness/wakefulness, body temperature, blood pressure (all of the above)

Sleep is considered a necessary vital function because it

helps people recover from stress, maintain's the brain's proper functioning, builds up a person's resistance to infection

Some psychologists dispute that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness because

people's brain wave patterns do not change under hypnosis

"Role theory" suggests that people who are hypnotized

believe what they are doing is real

Psychology is defined as the

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

According to the biopsychological approach, dreaming occurs because of the

random firing of neurons

A therapist may hypnotize a patient and offer a \____________________________ (TWO WORDS) to help the patient quit a habit such as smoking or overacting.

posthypnotic suggestion

Psychologists suggest that people try to combat insomnia by

using daydreams to relax

Modern psychology was born in the

1800s, after the birth of modern science

During the Middle Ages, most Europeans believed that psychological problems were caused by

demons?

\_________________________ psychologists make up the largest group of psychologists (47.4%)

Clinical

Many of our basic biological functions such as breathing, exist at the

nonconscious level

A method through which people have learned to control some bodily functions such as heart rate is

biofeedback

Being aware of things outside yourself is an example of consciousness as

sensory awareness

During yoga, some people narrow their consciousness by focusing on a peaceful, repetitive pattern.

false

Which perspective of psychology studies the effects of biological factors on our behavior?

biological..?

A \______________ psychologist would typically treat people with adjustment problems, rather than those with serious problems.

counseling

The Greek philopher Socrates wrote "Peri Psyches" which was one of the first books about psychology.

false

Sleep researchers define our sleep stages in terms of

brain wave patterns

In the 1800s, teachers established laboratories for the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.

false

Overdoses of crack and other forms of cocaine can be fatal because of the strain they place on the \_______________.

heart

Psychologists are interested in studying people's emotions/feelings because they affect both \_______________________ and thoughts

behavior

B.F. Skinner's concept of reinforcement showed that an animal is more likely to repeat an action if rewarded for it.

true

Many scientists do not believe in astrology because

experiments in astrology often do not yield the same results twice

During NREM sleep, dreaming

vague and fleeting

They type of consciousness we experience when we are conscious of external sensations is known as

sensory awareness

Greek philosopher who wrote the book, Peri Psyches, which was one of the first books on psychology

Aristotle

LSD stands for

lysergic acid diethylamide

One kind of diversity involves ethnicity. Members of an \_______________________ (two word answer) are united by their cultural heritage, race, language, or common history.

ethnic group

\_______ are drugs that slow the activity of the nervous system.

Depressants

Slurred speech, blurred vision, and impaired judgment are the results of \______________________

intoxication

Some people who have taken LSD suffer long-term side effects that include

memory loss

Consciousness is considered a psychological mental process because we cannot see, touch, or measure it directly.

false

Which perspective argues that people can learn by experience and by observing others?

learning

The method of learning that stresses examining one's own thoughts and feelings is

introspection

Cognitive psychologists believe that people's behavior is influenced by their values, their perceptions, and their choices.

true

According to Gestalt psychologists, much learning is accomplished by

sudden insight

In addition to deadening pain, cocaine

Raises blood pressure, decreases the supply of oxygen to the heart, can cause hallucinations and delusions (all of the above)

Sleepwalking in children is probably caused by

immaturity of the nervous system

Along with history, anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology, psychology is one of the political sciences.

false

Which perspective concerns consciousness, experience, and self-awareness?

humanistic

Which perspective concerns consciousness, experience, and self-awareness?

humanistic

Psychologists know that people should be free to make their own decisions

true

Psychologist \_________________________ founded psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

Industrial and organizational psychologists offer suggestions on how to improve working conditions

true

Nonsmokers are at risk of getting lung cancer or breathing problems when expose to \______________________________. (TWO WORDS)

secondhand smoke

Psychological theories explain and predict what governs behavior and mental processes.

true

Marijuana is an example of a

hallucinogen

By studying humans, you learn unique human traits like morality, nurture, & desire.

false

Biofeedback has been used successfully to treat \_____________

high blood pressure

Which of the following treatments for drug abuse involves the removal of the poisonous substance from the body?

detoxification

During a typical eight hours of sleep,most people go through \_________________ sleep cycles.

five

Type of psychologist who is concerned with theories that measure abilities, learning, and child development and also help prepare standardized tests (ex: SAT)

educational

The main goals of psychology are to

observe, describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

Ideas that a person is not aware of, but which can be recalled are on the \__________________________ level.

preconscious

Sigmund Freud believed that dreams reflected our \_________________ wishes and urges.

unconscious

Which perspective focuses on the mental processes to explain human behavior?

cognitive

What method of narrowing consciousness leads to relaxation?

meditation

Nicotine causes a person's heart rate to increase by causing the release of the hormone testosterone.

false

This type of psychologist helps students who have problems that interfere with learning and deal w/ peer group & family problems, psychological problems, & learning disorders

school

Maintenance programs help people addicted to narcotics by all of the following EXCEPT

removing all drugs from the addict

Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists in their focus on

external rather than internal influences

The method of flooding involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until he or she is no longer afraid of it.

true

A response that is automatic, or not learned, is called a(n) conditioned stimulus.

false

A(n) positive reinforcer increases the frequency of the behavior it follows when it is removed.

false

On a variable-ratio schedule, reinforcements are provided only after a certain number of correct responses have been made.

false

The form of learning that keeps knowledge hidden until it is needed is called patient learning.

false

The first step in the PQ4R method involves previewing the subject matter in a textbook

true

A(n) secondary reinforcer is learned and becomes effective by being paired with such reinforcers as food and shelter.

true

Shaping is the method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.

true

The process of learning to ride a bicycle is an example of

shaping

Spontaneous recovery can occur

when the conditioned stimulus starts again

Through \_______________________ conditioning, people learn to control voluntary responses.

operant

People who watch a lot of violence on television are more likely to be violent in part because of \______________________ learning.

observational

A conditioned response may be extinguished when

a conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus

\_____________________ (CAPITALIZE) conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of counterconditioning, systematic desensitization, and flooding.

Classical

The PQR4 method is an effective study method because it

is based on active learning