PSYCLPS FINAL EXAM

Abnormal Behavior

Not always indicative of mental illness.

Diagnosis Importance

Facilitates communication among professionals.

Research Promotion

Encourages studies in psychopathology.

Etiology Identification

Determines causes and group differences.

Standardized Systems

Provides basis for consistent diagnostic criteria.

ICD-11

International Classification of Diseases.

DSM-5 TR

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision.

Abnormality Definition Challenges

No universal feature for defining abnormality.

Statistical Infrequency

Behavior deviating from statistical norms.

Subjective Distress

Individual's experience of distress or well-being.

Biological Model

Focuses on genetic and brain abnormalities.

Psychodynamic Model

Explores unconscious conflicts and past experiences.

Cognitive Model

Involves maladaptive thought patterns.

Humanistic Model

Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Behavioral Model

Focuses on learned behaviors through conditioning.

Developmental Psychopathology

Interaction of genetic and environmental factors.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Vulnerability triggered by environmental stressors.

Clinical Interview

Primary tool for data collection in evaluation.

Structured Interviews

Higher reliability but less flexibility.

Mental Status Examination (MSE)

Assesses psychiatric function comprehensively.

Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)

Screens orientation, attention, and language.

Personality Assessment

Evaluates traits through structured and projective tests.

Behavioral Assessment

Focuses on observable behaviors rather than traits.

Intelligence Assessment

Measures reasoning, problem-solving, and learning capacity.

Functional Analysis

SORC Model: Stimulus, Organismic variables, Response, Consequences.

Reliability Issues

Variability in assessment reliability from .23 to .97.

Validity Challenges

Includes biases like halo effect.

Psychological Interventions

Aim to improve functioning and resolve issues.

Goals of Assessment

Identify strengths and areas for improvement.

Reliability

Consistency of assessment results over time.

Validity

Accuracy of an assessment in measuring what it intends.

Halo Effect

Bias where one positive trait influences overall judgment.

Confirmatory Bias

Tendency to search for information that confirms beliefs.

Response Distortions

Inaccurate responses due to various biases.

Social Case History

Chronological account of life events for assessment.

Aptitude

Potential ability to learn new skills.

Achievement

Knowledge and skills acquired through experience.

General Intelligence Factor (g)

Spearman's theory of a single underlying intelligence.

Fluid Intelligence

Ability to solve new problems without prior knowledge.

Crystallized Intelligence

Knowledge gained from experience and education.

Multiple Intelligences

Gardner's theory of various independent intelligences.

Radical Behaviorism

Behavior is shaped by environmental factors, not free will.

Operant Conditioning

Learning through consequences, rewards, and punishments.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding favorable stimulus to increase behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Removing unfavorable stimulus to enhance behavior.

Positive Punishment

Adding unfavorable stimulus to decrease behavior.

Negative Punishment

Removing favorable stimulus to reduce behavior.

Verbal Behavior

Communication reinforced by social responses.

Tacts

Labels for objects or events in the environment.

Mands

Requests for desired outcomes or actions.

Autoclitics

Modifications that enhance the meaning of communication.

Echoics

Mimicking sounds or words heard from others.

Behavioral Analysis

Study of observable behavior and its environmental influences.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Therapeutic approach using behavior modification techniques.

Archetypes

Universal symbols in the collective unconscious.

The Self

Represents integration and wholeness in personality.

The Shadow

Comprises repressed traits and instincts.

The Persona

Public-facing aspect of an individual's personality.

The Anima/Animus

Gendered inner opposite aspects of personality.

Individuation

Lifelong integration of unconscious into consciousness.

Professional Training

Training at Burghölzli Psychiatric Hospital.

Eugene Bleuler

Mentor who influenced Jung's early work.

Complexes

Emotionally charged unconscious associations affecting behavior.

Collaboration with Freud

Joint work from 1907 to 1912.

Dream Analysis

Belief that dreams reveal unconscious insights.

Psychology of the Unconscious

Jung's 1912 critique of Freud's theories.

Psychological Types

Introduced introversion and extraversion concepts.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality assessment based on Jung's theories.

Four Functions

Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, Intuition as psychological functions.

Synchronicity

Meaningful coincidences without direct causal links.

Collective Unconscious

Shared unconscious memories across humanity.

Philosophical Beliefs

Focus on balance between conscious and unconscious.

Carl Ransom Rogers

Pioneer of client-centered therapy.

Client-Centered Therapy

Therapeutic approach emphasizing client empowerment.

Empathy

Understanding and sharing another's feelings.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Acceptance without conditions in therapy.

Self-Concept

Awareness of one's identity and experiences.

Ideal Self

Vision of how one wishes to be.

Self-Actualization

Achieving personal potential and ambitions.

Therapist Qualities

Essential traits for effective therapy.

Congruence

Authenticity in therapist's emotions.

Empathic Listening

Validating clients' feelings through active listening.

Legacy

Influence on psychotherapy and personality studies.

Third Force

Movement emphasizing personal growth in psychology.

Nobel Peace Prize Nomination

Nominated in 1987 for contributions to psychology.

Educational Background

Studied at University of Vienna and others.

The Red Book

Documented Jung's dreams and visions.

Psychoanalysis

Therapeutic approach focusing on unconscious mind.

Sigmund Freud

Founder of psychoanalysis, born May 6, 1856.

Transference

Patient projects feelings onto therapist.

Countertransference

Therapist's emotional entanglement with patient.

Manifest Content

Surface storyline of a dream.

Latent Content

Hidden psychological meanings in dreams.

Psychosexual Development

Freud's theory of personality development stages.

Eros

Life instinct driving human behavior.

Thanatos

Death instinct influencing human actions.

Defense Mechanisms

Ego strategies to manage anxiety.

Electra Complex

Female counterpart to Oedipus complex.

Collective Neurosis

Religion viewed as societal psychological issue.

International Psychoanalytical Association

Founded in 1910 to unify psychoanalysis.