chem mid term vocab

ionic bond

ionic bond

The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together is a/an___________ bond

mole

The amount of substance that contains 6.02 x 10²³ representative particles of that substance

compound

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons are

ion

An atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge is

heterogenous mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in composition

metallic bond

The force of attraction that holds metals together is

eletron

A negatively charged subatomic particle is

neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu, and is found in the nucleus of an atom

Avogadro's number

The number of representative particles contained in one mole of a substance equal to 6.02 x 10²³ particles is

Any metal in Group 2A of the periodic table

beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

daltons atomic theory

The first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level

lewis symbol

A notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element

weight

A force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass

non-polar covalant bond

A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

One of the Group B elements

Chromium , Manganese , Copper , Iron , Cobalt , Zinc , Silver , Mercury , and Gold

mass

A measure of the amount of matter that an object contains

vapour

The gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or a solid at room temperature is known as a

reactant

A substance that is present at the start of a reaction

chemical reaction

A change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products

accuracy

The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured

A nonmetal in Group 7A of the periodic table

fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

periods

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

metalloids

An element that tnnds to have properties that are similar to those ofmetals and nonmetals

mass number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom i

a phase

Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

a chemical property

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space

One of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current

Gold, Silver, copper, and aluminum

Law of Conservation of Mass

In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed. This is known as the Law of of Mass.

a precipitate

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

the octet rule

Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually 8 valence electrons

valence electrons

An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

the slovent

The dissolving medium of a solution

polar covalent bond

A covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally

sloute

Dissolved particles in a solution are known as the

eletronegativeity

The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

ny metal in Group IA of the periodic table

hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).

molecule

A neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds

kilogram

The SI base unit of mass

liquid

A form of matter that flows, has fixed volume, and an indefinite shape

anions

Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge

ion

Any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge

substance

Matter that has uniform and definite composition, and is either an element or a compound

catalyist

A substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy barriers

atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

chemical change

A change that produces matter with a different composition that the original matter

solution

A homogeneous mixture that consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent

volume

A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter

precision

precision Describes the closeness, or reproducibility, of a set of measurements taken under the same conditions

solid

A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

group

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table

An element in Group 8A of the periodic table

helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).

physical change

A change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change

element

The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

gas

A form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container

homogenous mixture

A mixture that is uniform in composition

intensive property

A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

extensive property

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

non metals

An element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current

proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

products

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

ionic compound

A compound composed of positive and negative ions

mixture

A physical blend of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined