cadriovascular system

intracellular fluid

cytosol, inside a cell

extracellular fluid

lymph (liquid in lymph vessels), interstitial fluid (b/w cells), plasma (liquid part of blood)

transportation; functions

o2, co2, metabolic waster

regulation; functions

pH, temp, water % regulation

protection; functions

fight infection, loss of blood prevent red by clotting

what is a normal pH range?

7.35-7.45

what is blood composed of?

55% plasma, 45% cells and formed elements

what is blood plasma composed of?

91% water, 7% plasma proteins

what are blood plasma proteins? what do they do?

albumin; regulates blood volume

immunoglobulin; antibodies, fight infection

fibrinogen; clotting

what are formed elements of blood?

fragments of cells that arise hemopoiesis- red bone marrow

what are RBCs?

erythrocytes, they contain oxygen-carrying protein

what do erythrocytes do?

carry hemoglobin, they live ~120 days

how are erythrocytes removed?

by macrophages in spleen and liver, there is no way to repair a RBC

what are granular leukocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

what are agranular leukocytes?

T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells

what are platelets?

thrombocytes; think TXA

what are WBCs?

leukocytes

what is anemia?

lacking in RBCs or hemoglobin

what is polycythemia?

excessive RBCs

what is hemoglobin?

globin protein containing polypeptide chains, one heme pigment for every chain

what does each polypeptide chains have?

each chain has 1 Fe2+ that combines revesibly with one oxygen molecule

what is erythropoiesis?

production of red blood cells

what is the process of erythropoiesis?

pluripotent stem, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, mature erythrocyte

do WBCs have hemoglobin?

no

what is a neutrophil?

fastest response to bacterial infection, acts against bacteria

what are eosinophils?

enter the tissue fluid, attack parasitic worms

what are basophils?

inflammatory response, enter CT as mast cells, release heparin, histamine, and serotonin to heighten the response

what cells enter the CT as mast cells?

basophils

what WBC releases heparin, histamine, and serotonin?

basophils

what leukocyte releases lysosomes to destroy/ digest bacteria?

neutrophil

what granular WBC releases defensin?

neutrophil, it pokes holes in bacterial cell walls

what WBC is a strong oxidant?

neutrophil

what is a monocyte?

wandering marcophages after leaving capillaries

what WBC uses phagocytosis?

monocytes

what is the order of wbcs on a cbc?

neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

what WBC is 40-60% of a CBC?

neutrophil

what WBC is 20-40% of a CBC?

lymphocyte

what WBC is 2-8% of a CBC?

monocytes

what WBC is 1-4% of a CBC?

eosinophils

what WBC is 05-1% of a CBC?

basophils

what WBC destroys microbes?

monocytes

what do B cells do?

turn into plasma cells to produce antibodies

what do T cells do?

attack viruses, fungi, and cancer cells

what do natural killer cells do?

destroy, direct attack

what lymphocytes turn into plasma?

B cells

what lymphocytes attack viruses?

T cells

what is leukopenia?

low WBC count

What is leukocytosis?

high WBC count