Molecular orbitals

s orbital

Py orbital

Px orbital

Pz orbital

d xy orbital

d xz orbital

d yz orbital

d x2-y2 orbital

d z2 orbital

Bonding orbitals: energy

Bonding
- lower in energy than the atomic orbitals from which they were formed
-due to increase in shielding by nucleus

Antibonding orbitals: energy

Antibonding
-higher in energy than the atomic orbitals from which they were formed
-due to decrease in nuclear shielding

Constructive and destructive interference in bonding and antibonding

-Bonding: constructive interference of AO'S so they come together.
-antibonding: destructive interference of AO'S so they repulse each other

Pi bonding

electron density is above/below the bonding axis

sigma bonding

electron density is along the bonding axis

Bond order

1/2 (# electrons in bonding - # electrons in antibonding)

Born-Oppenheimer Approximation

--The motion of the nuclei and the electrons can be separated and the nuclear, electronic, and spin parts of the wavefunction can can be solved with independent wavefunctions

gerade

-German for even, these configurations are symmetrical relative to i (inversion)

ungerade

-German for uneven, these configurations are asymmetric relative to inversion

symmetry-adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (SALCs)

--determined from overlapping orbitals with same symmetry
-Gives you the wave functions for MOs
-gives a qualitative picture of the MOs in a molecule and provides a good way of predicting bonds

sigma bonding molecular orbital

formation of a pi bonding molecular orbital