A level PE miss W-J

Autonomic nervous system

Regulates the function of our internal organs and some skeletal muscles. Works involuntarily.

Neuromuscular system

The system that controls the nerves and muscles to allow movement

Peripheral nervous system

Transmit information from brain to the parts of the body that need recovery or preparation. Includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Type 1 ( slow twitch) muscle fibers

Produce slow low power contractions. But fatigue slowly so used for endurance athletes. Work aerobically

Type 11a muscle fibers

Contract quickly with medium power. Work aerobically and anaerobicly. Fatigue quicker that type 1 but slower than type 11x

Type 11x muscle fibers

Contract the quickest and with the most power. Anaerobic powered. Fatigue very quickly

What are motor units

Consists of a motor neurone and a muscle fibers. They work with the nervous system to contract muscles

All or none law

If an impulse is sent down a neurone all muscle fibers in contact will contract l. If no signal is sent then no contraction takes place.

Wave summation

the motor neurone can send fast and frequent impulses for strong contractions and slower less frequent contractions for weaker contractions.

Spatial summation

Impulses are sent down different motor units at different times. This shares the workload and reduce fatigue.

Method of PNF stretching

Passive stretched. Contract isometrical against a resistance while in a stretched position for a period of 10 seconds. Results in an increase of range of motion.

Muscle spindle

Made up of propioceptors. Detect and stop the muscle stretching to far. Preventing injury

Golgi tendon organs

Connective tissue between muscle fibres and tendons. Provide information for the central nervous system about the degree of stretch in the muscle. Trigger reflex of the muscle

Isometric

Muscle contraction not resulting in movement

Isotonic

Muscle contraction resulting in movement

Eccentric

Muscle lengthening under tendon

Concentric

Muscle shortening under tension

Cardiac conduction system

• sinoatrial node

• Atrial systol

• Atrioventricular node

• Bundle of his

• Purkinje fibres

• Ventricular systol

Equation for cardiac output

Stroke volume X heart rate

Vasodilation

The widening of the blood vessels to increase blood flow of blood into the capillaries

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce blood flow to the capillaries

Bradycardia

The decrease in resting heart rate to below 60bpm

Haemoglobin

An iron containing pigment found in red-blood cells which contains with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

Myoglobin

it’s an iron containing pigment in slow-twitch muscle fibres which have a higher affinity to oxygen.